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Antioxidant-rich date palm fruit extract inhibits oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by dimethoate in rat

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Abstract

Recent investigations have proved the crucial role of nutritional antioxidants to prevent the damage caused by toxic compounds. In this study, the antioxidant effect of date palm fruit extract on dimethoate-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rat is investigated and compared with the effect of the well-known antioxidant vitamin C. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten each: a control group (C), a group that received dimethoate (20 mg/kg body weight) (D), a group given Deglet Nour extract (DNE), a group treated with DNE 30 min before the administration of dimethoate (DNE + D), a group which received VitC (100 mg/kg body weight) plus dimethoate (Vit C + D), and a group given dimethoate for the first month and DNE 30 min after administration of dimethoate, during the second month (D + DNE). These components were daily administered by gavage for 2 months. After completing the treatment period, blood samples from rats were collected under inhaled diethyl ether anesthesia for serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels, while the rat kidneys were obtained for enzyme assays and histology. Oral administration of dimethoate in rats induced a marked renal failure characterized by a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea levels (p < 0.01) in addition to a significant decrease in serum uric acid (p < 0.05). Interestingly, these drastic modifications were accompanied by a marked enhancement of lipid peroxidation in kidney, indicating a significant induction of oxidative damage (p < 0.01) and dysfunctions of enzymatic antioxidant defenses. These biochemical alterations were also accompanied by histological changes in kidney revealed by a narrowed Bowman’s space, tubular degeneration, tubular cell desquamation, and tubular dilatation of proximal tubules. Treatment with date palm fruit extract (Deglet Nour) and also with vitamin C significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the serum renal markers to their near-normal levels when compared with dimethoate-treated rats. In addition, Deglet Nour extract and vitamin C significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, restored the antioxidant defense enzymes in the kidney, and improved the histopathology changes. The present findings indicate that in vivo date palm fruit may be useful for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced nephrotoxicity.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the Laboratory of Biochemistry, UR03/ES-08 “Human Nutrition & Metabolic Disorders,” USCR Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Medicine Monastir and the Research Unit UR03/09-01 “Genome, Immune Diagnosis & Recovery”, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Tunisia. We would like to thank Dr. Fadwa Hssin for the technical assistance and Pr. Fethi Chahata for the critical review of the English grammar of the manuscript. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and remarks.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Unit UR03/09-01 “Genome, Immune Diagnosis and Recovery”, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia

    Emna Behija Saafi-Ben Salah, Amira El Arem, Mouna Louedi & Lotfi Achour

  2. Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, Faculty of Science, Sfax, Tunisia

    Mongi Saoudi & Abdelfattah Elfeki

  3. Service of Pathological Anatomy CHU F Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia

    Abdelfattah Zakhama

  4. Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology CHU F Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia

    Mohamed Fadhel Najjar

  5. Laboratory of Biochemistry, UR03/ES08 ‘Human Nutrition & Metabolic Disorders’, USCR Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir, Tunisia

    Mohamed Hammami

  6. King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Hammami

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  1. Emna Behija Saafi-Ben Salah
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  2. Amira El Arem
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Saafi-Ben Salah, E.B., El Arem, A., Louedi, M. et al. Antioxidant-rich date palm fruit extract inhibits oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by dimethoate in rat. J Physiol Biochem 68, 47–58 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-011-0118-y

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