Abstract
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon cause of stroke resulting in parenchymal injuries associated with heterogeneous clinical symptoms and prognosis. Therefore, an experimental animal model is required to further study underlying mechanisms involved in CVST. This study is aimed at developing a novel murine model suitable and relevant for evaluating injury patterns during CVST and studying its clinical aspects. CVST was achieved in C57BL/6J mice by autologous clot injection into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) combined with bilateral ligation of external jugular veins. Clot was prepared ex vivo using thrombin before injection. On days 1 and 7 after CVST, SSS occlusion and associated-parenchymal lesions were monitored using different modalities: in vivo real-time intravital microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and immuno-histology. In addition, mice were subjected to a neurological sensory-motor evaluation. Thrombin-induced clot provided fibrin- and erythrocyte-rich thrombi that lead to reproducible SSS occlusion at day 1 after CVST induction. On day 7 post-CVST, venous occlusion monitoring (MRI, intravital microscopy) showed that initial injected-thrombus size did not significantly change demonstrating no early spontaneous recanalization. Microscopic histological analysis revealed that SSS occlusion resulted in brain edema, extensive fibrin-rich venular thrombotic occlusion, and ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions. Mice with CVST showed a significant lower neurological score on post-operative days 1 and 7, compared to the sham-operated group. We established a novel clinically CVST-relevant model with a persistent and reproducible SSS occlusion responsible for symptomatic ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions. This method provides a reliable model to study CVST physiopathology and evaluation of therapeutic new regimens.
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The corresponding author (Marie-Charlotte Bourrienne) takes full responsibility for the data, the analyses and interpretation, and the conduct of the research of the present study and has full access to all of the data.
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Dr. Bourrienne is the recipient of a grant poste d’accueil INSERM. This study was supported by INSERM.
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All scientific procedures using animals were conducted according to French veterinary guidelines and those formulated by the European Community for experimental animal use (L358-86/609EEC) and were approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments (Paris Nord no. 121, approval number no. 14070). This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors. Consent to participate is not applicable.
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Bourrienne, MC., Loyau, S., Benichi, S. et al. A Novel Mouse Model for Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis. Transl. Stroke Res. 12, 1055–1066 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-021-00898-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-021-00898-1