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Intravascular Stem Cell Transplantation for Stroke

Translational Stroke Research volume 2, Article number: 250 (2011) Cite this article

Abstract

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in North America. Emphasis has been placed on developing treatments that reduce the devastating long-term impacts of this disease, and preclinical research on stem cell therapy has demonstrated promising results. However, questions about the optimal cell delivery method and timing of cell transplantation are not fully answered. Recent findings suggest that intravascular stem cell delivery is a safe and efficacious alternative to stereotactic cell injections. It also offers advantages should repeat treatments prove beneficial. Recent reports further suggest that intra-arterial injection results in a wider distribution of cells throughout the stroked hemisphere with a significantly greater cell engraftment compared to intravenous injection. In this review, we describe the benefits and potential risks associated with intravascular stem cell delivery and compare intra-arterial to intravenous cell transplantation methods. We discuss the importance of cell biodistribution and timing of transplantation in driving cell survival. We examine current proposed mechanisms involved in cell migration and functional recovery and discuss future directions for intravascular stem cell therapy research.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Fabian de Kok-Mercado for the illustration and Elizabeth Hoyte for the preparation of the figures. This work was supported by an American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant AHA-0835274N and the Bechtel Foundation (to R.G.). Further support came through the Canadian Institute of Health Research C-4654 (to R.G.).

This work is supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)/Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC) Synchrotron Medical Imaging Team Grant #CIF 99472.

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery and Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, 300 Pasteur Drive, R211, Stanford, CA, 94305-5327, USA

    Angela M. Auriat, Sahar Rosenblum, Tenille N. Smith & Raphael Guzman

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Auriat, A.M., Rosenblum, S., Smith, T.N. et al. Intravascular Stem Cell Transplantation for Stroke. Transl. Stroke Res. 2, 250 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-011-0093-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-011-0093-1

Keywords

  • Stroke
  • Stem cells
  • Neural stem cells
  • Intravascular
  • Intra-arterial
  • Cell therapy