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Comparative morpho-physiological traits, antioxidant defense and nutritional profiling under Cd stress of japonica-indica elite rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a water-soluble heavy metal. It has adverse effects on rivers and underground water in developing countries. Rice is a hydrophilic crop grown by extensive utilization of water. Presence of Cd in paddy water can lead to destruction of both quality and quantity of rice. To access the variation in impact of Cd on two elite rice cultivars of Pakistan i.e., indica (Super Basmati) and japonica (JP-5), a pot experiment with three replicates was carried out in completely randomized design. To induce stress conditions, both cultivars were subjected to elevated levels of Cd (50 mg/kg) as cadmium chloride. The results indicated that Cd stress had a high impact on morpho-physiological traits such as grain yield, thousand grain weight and tiller number in Supper Basmati compared to JP-5. This was due to high accumulation of the reactive oxygen species and lower levels of enzymatic antioxidants including peroxidase, catalase, carotenoids, glutathione, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and phenols in Super basmati. The Cd translocation from roots to leaf and subsequently grains was higher in Super Basmati compared to JP-5. Nutritional profiling of grains showed low level of carbohydrates and proteins in Super Basmati compared to JP-5 which shows that JP-5 is more tolerant, nutritious, and high-yielding under Cd-stress conditions. JP-5 is thus recommended to be cultivated in Cd-stressed areas in future and breeders can further use it to improve crop performance in Cd-stress soil and ensure sustainable food production around the world.

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Data availability

Data are available within the article and its supplementary materials.

Abbreviations

AsA:

Ascorbic acid

APX:

Ascorbate peroxidase

BY:

Biological yield

BCF:

Bioconcentration factor

CAT:

Catalase

FLA:

Flag leaf area

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

GP:

Germination percentage

GI:

Germination index

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

G/P:

Grain per panicle

GY:

Grain yield

MGT:

Mean germination time

MDA:

Malonaldehyde

PH:

Plant height

P/P:

Panicle per plant

PL:

Panicle length

POD:

Peroxidase

RL:

Root length

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RIR:

Relative injury rate

SL:

Shoot length

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SV:

Seed vigor

T/P:

Tiller per plant

TGW:

Thousand grain weight

TF:

Translocation factor

TCC:

Total carotenoid content

TPC:

Total phenolic compounds

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

WUP:

Water uptake percentage

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan

    Alvina Hayat, Muhammad Anas, Zeenat Shaheen, Aliza Falak & Umar Masood Quraishi

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  1. Alvina Hayat
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  2. Muhammad Anas
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  3. Zeenat Shaheen
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  4. Aliza Falak
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  5. Umar Masood Quraishi
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Contributions

AH performed methodology, data analysis, and writing-original draft. ZS and AF performed experimentation. MA performed visualization. UMQ performed supervision. All authors read and approved the last version.

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Correspondence to Umar Masood Quraishi.

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Hayat, A., Anas, M., Shaheen, Z. et al. Comparative morpho-physiological traits, antioxidant defense and nutritional profiling under Cd stress of japonica-indica elite rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 27, 175–186 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-023-00220-5

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