Abstract
Tea cell suspension culture is an alternative method for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. For the separation of cells, different concentrations of pectinase were used and a concentration of 0.5% was found to be the optimum concentration for the separation of cells (41.7%) in the culture medium than the other two concentrations (33.3 and 25.0%). The separated cells were cultured in liquid MS medium using different PGR combinations. The time taken for the cells to reach stationary phase, under different PGRs, ranged from 17 to 21 d. The maximum cell density was found in IAA and 2, 4-D medium at 21 d followed by 2, 4-D. Results revealed that the amount of secondary metabolites such as catechins were high with stationary phase when compared to other growth phases (lag and log phases). Different concentrations of shikimic acid (10, 20, and 30 mM) were added to the stationary phase of cell culture in the bioreactor and the secondary metabolite content was analyzed. Synthesis of polyphenols, catechins, caffeine, and other secondary components were high (33.87, 22.85, and 4.66%) with 20 mM shikimic acid treatment than the other two concentrations.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- BA:
-
benzyle adenine
- BAP:
-
6-benzyl amino purine
- IAA:
-
indole-3-acetic acid
- MS:
-
Murashige and Skoog
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-diphenoxy acetic acid
References
Berlin J, Beier H, Fecker L, Forche E, Noe W, Sasse F, Schiel O, Wray V. 1985. Conventional and new approaches to increase the alkaloid production of plant cell cultures. In KH Neumann, W Barz, E Reinhard, eds, Primary and secondary metabolism of plant cell cultures. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 272–280
Charlwood BV, Charlwood KA. 1991. Terpenoid production in plant cell culture. In JB Harborne, FA Tomas-Barberan, eds, Ecological chemistry and biochemistry of plant terpenoids, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp 95–132
Curtin ME. 1983. Harvesting profitable products from plant tissue culture. Biotechnol. 1: 649–657
Dev Choudhary MN, Goswami MR. 1983. A rapid method for determination of total polyphenolic mater in tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Two and a bud. 30: 59–61
Dicosmo F, Misawa M. 1995. Plant cell and tissue culture: Alternatives for metabolite production. Biotechnol. Adv. 13: 425–453
Dornenberg H, Knorr D. 1997. Challenges and opportunities for metabolite production from plant cell and tissue cultures. Food Technol. 51: 47–54
Furuya T, Yoshikawa T, Orihara Y, Oda H. 1984. Studies of the culture conditions for Panax ginsengcells in jar fermentors. J. Nat. Prod. 47: 70–75
Gilchrist DG, Kosuge T. 1980. Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and its regulation. In BJ Mifin, ed, The biochemistry of plants, amino acids and derivatives. Academic Press, New York, pp 507–531
Giri A, Sarish T, Ravindra VD, Lakshmi NM. 2001. Influence of different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on induction of hairy roots and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua. Curr. Sci. 81: 378–382
Hahn EJ, Kim YS, Yu KW, Jeong CS, Paek KY. 2003. Adventitious root cultures of Panax ginseng c.v. meyer and ginsedoside production through large-scale bioreactor system. Plant Biotechnol. 5: 1–6
Hillis WE, Ishikura N. 1970. The biosynthesis of polyphenols in tissues with low phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity. Phytochemistry 9: 1517–1528
ISO/CD 14502-2.1999. (Committee Draft Number) Determination of substances characteristic of green and black tea-Part 2: Determination of catechins in green tea — Method using high performance liquid chromatography
Jaziri M, Shimomura K, Yoshimatsu K, Fauconnier ML, Marlier M, Homes J. 1995. Establishment of normal and transformed root cultures of Artemisia annua. for artemisinin production. J. Plant Physiol. 145: 175–177
Jeong GT, Park DH, Hwang B, Park K, Kim SW, Woo JC. 2002. Studies on mass production of transformed Panax ginseng hairy roots in bioreactor. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 98: 1115–1127
Jha S, Sahu NP, Mahato SB. 1988. Production of the alkaloids emetine and cephaeline in callus cultures of Cephaelisipecacuanha. Planta Med. 54: 504–506
Kieran PM, MacLoughlin PF, Malone DM. 1997. Plant cell suspension cultures: some engineering considerations. J. Biotechnol. 59: 39–52
Kim YJ, Barbara Wyslouzil E, Weathers PJ. 2002. Secondary metabolism of hairy root cultures in bioreactors. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol.-Plant 38: 1–10
Levin R, Gaba V, Tal B, Hirsch S, De Nola D, Vasil K. 1988. Automated plant tissue culture for mass propagation. Biotechnol. 6: 1035–1040
Mariya John KM, Deepu V, Sasikumar KR, Saravanan M, Raj KR. 2006b. Influence of substrates on catechin concentrations of tea crop shoots. J. P. Crops 34: 128–131
Mariya John KM, Sasikumar R, Deepu V, Rahul PR, Saravanan M, Raj KR. 2006a. Influence of externally added substrates on total catechin content in tea leaves (Camellia spp.). Asian J. Plant Sci. 5: 116–119
Meijer JJ. 1989. Effects of hydrodynamic and chemicallosmotic stress on plant cells in a stirred bioreactor. Ph.D. Thesis Technical University Delft
Murashige T, Skoog F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497
Nigra HM, Caso OH, Guilietti AM. 1987. Production of solasodine by calli form different parts of Solanumeleaginifolium Cav. Plants. Plant Cell Rep. 6: 135–137
Park JM, Yoon SY. 1992. Production of sanguinarine by suspension culture of Papaversomniferum in bioreactors. J. Ferm. Bioeng. 74: 292–6
Preil W, Florek P, Wix U, Beck A. 1988. A Towards mass propagation by use of bioreactors. Acta Horticult. 226: 99–105
Scragg AH. 1992. Bioreactors for mass cultivation of plant cells. In MW Fowler, GS Warren, eds, Plant biotechnol. Peragmon Press, Oxford, pp 45
Stafford A, Morris P, Fowler MW. 1986. Plant cell biotechnology: A perspective. Enzyme Microbial Tech. 8: 578–597
Swain T, Hillis WE. 1959. The phenolic constituents of Prunusdomestica (L). the quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. J. Sci. Food Agric. 10: 63–68
Swain T, Williams CA. 1970. The role of phenylalanine in flavonoid biosynthesis. Phytochemistry 9: 2115–2122
Tabata N, Yoshikawa N, Tsukada M, Fukui H. 1982. Localization and regulation of shikonin formation in the cultured cells of Lithospermumerythrorhizon. In 5th International Congress Plant Tissue Culture, Tokyo: Maruzen, pp 335–336
Thorpe TA, Laishley EJ. 1973. Glucose oxidation during shoot initiation in tobacco callus culture. J. Exp. Bot. 25: 277–285
Thorpe TA, Murashige T. 1970. Some histochemical changes underlying shoot initiation in tobacco callus culture. Can. J. Bot. 48: 277–285
Toppel G, Witte L, Riebesehl B, Von Borstel K, Hartman T. 1987. Alkaloid patterns and biosynthetic capacity of root cultures from some pyrolizidine alkaloid producing Senecio spp. Plant Cell Rep. 6: 466–469
Vanisree M, Lee CY, Lo SF, Nalawade SM, Lin CY, Tsay HS. 2004. Studies on the production of some important secondary metabolites from medicinal plants by plant tissue cultures. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 45: 1–22
Verpoorte R, Vander Heijden R, Hoge JHC, Ten Hoopen HJC. 1994. Plant cell biotechnology for the production of secondary metabolites. Pure Appl. Chem. 66: 2307–2310
Zenk MH. 1978. The impact of plant cell culture on industry. In TA Thorpe, ed, Frontiers of plant tissue culture, University of Calgary, International Association for Plant Tissue Cult, pp 1–13
Zhao J, Zhu WH, Hu Q, Guo YQ. 2001. Compact callus cluster suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus with enhanced indole alkaloid biosynthesis. In Vitro Cell Dev. Biol.-Plant. 37: 68–72
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Muthaiya, M.J., Nagella, P., Thiruvengadam, M. et al. Enhancement of the productivity of tea (Camellia sinensis) secondary metabolites in cell suspension cultures using pathway inducers. J. Crop Sci. Biotechnol. 16, 143–149 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-012-0124-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-012-0124-9