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HIV prevention conundrum: did the Pope have a case?

  • Invited Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Medicine and the Person

An Erratum to this article was published on 20 November 2009

Abstract

“Distributing condoms is not the answer to curbing the spread of HIV in Africa”, Pope Benedict XVI said heading to Yaoundé, Cameroon, as part of a 7-day pilgrimage to the african continent in March 2009. This paper discusses this statement and reports the results of the strategy sexual transmission of the HIV in Uganda, with the leadership of President Museveni, has acted with a clear and determined strategy called the “ABC” approach (abstinence, delay of sexual debut, fidelity, use of condoms). As reported in this paper the major factor for the decline of prevalence of HIV in Uganda was the reduction in casual, multi-partners sex (the B of ABC). There is limited or no direct evidence that the common and popular prevention measures [including condom social marketing, voluntary counselling and testing programs (VCT), syndromic or mass treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)] have contributed to the reduction or slowing down of HIV in generalised epidemics. The drivers of the changes happening in several African countries instead are behaviours so clearly in line with Catholic teaching. Moreover, the recent levelling trends of HIV prevalence in Uganda can be attributed to the ‘moving away’ from the original and verified indigenous Ugandan strategy due to pressure by Western experts and organisations to change the focus from the effective A and (especially) B to the debatable C. As a conclusion, data and scientific evidence suggest that instead of being criticised, the Pope’s message about condoms should be a wakeup call to the proven realities regarding the dynamics of HIV transmission, not only in Uganda but in all of sub-Saharan Africa.

Riassunto

La distribuzione di preservativi non è la risposta alla diffusione dell’AIDS in Africa, ha detto il Papa Benedetto XVI mentre si dirigeva a Yaoundé, Camerun, durante il suo pellegrinaggio di 7 giorni nel continente africano, nel marzo 2009. Le sue affermazioni sono sostenute da evidenze scientifiche in Uganda e nella maggior parte dei paesi africani. L’Uganda con la guida del presidente Museveni ha agito con una strategia chiara e determinata, basata sull’ABC (Astinenza: posticipamento del debutto sessuale, Fedeltà, Uso del preservativo). Il fattore preponderante nel declino della prevalenza dell’HIV in Uganda è stata la riduzione dei rapporti sessuali casuali con molti partners (il B dell’ABC). Vi è una limitata o neppure diretta evidenza che le comuni e più conosciute misure preventive (includendo il marketing sociale dei condoms, il test volontario e il counselling, il trattamento sindromico o di massa delle malattie sessualmente trasmissibili) abbiano contribuito alla riduzione o al rallentamento della diffusione dell’HIV nelle epidemie generalizzate. I determinanti dei cambiamenti avvenuti in numerosi paesi africani sono comportamenti chiaramente in linea con l’insegnamento della Chiesa Cattolica. Inoltre le recenti tendenze verso un livellamento della prevalenza in Uganda possono essere attribuite ad un “discostarsi” dall’originale e verificata strategia indigena ugandese dovuta ad una inaccettabile pressione da parte di esperti ed organizzazioni occidentali per spostare l’attenzione dagli efficaci A e (soprattutto) B verso il discutibi le C. In conclusione dati ed evidenze scientifiche confermano che il messaggio del Papa circa la lotta all’AIDS invece di essere biasimato o censurato, dovrebbe essere un richiamo alle ben dimostrate dinamiche della trasmissione dell’HIV, non solo in Uganda, ma in tutta l’Africa.

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Correspondence to F. Ciantia.

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An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12682-009-0034-x

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Ciantia, F., Orach, S., Pariyo, G.W. et al. HIV prevention conundrum: did the Pope have a case?. J Med Pers 7, 63–69 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12682-009-0018-x

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