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Effect of TiO2 and Synthesis Strategies on Formate Oxidation: Electrochemical and Fuel Cell Approaches

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Abstract

Direct formate fuel cells have gained increasing attention since formate can be obtained by CO2 reduction, being shown as a renewable power source. This paper reports the use of Pd nanoparticles supported on physical mixtures of Vulcan carbon and TiO2 in different ratios and different Pd reduction methodologies. The materials were prepared using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent and analyzed toward formate oxidation in alkaline media. The prepared electrocatalysts showed peaks of Pd face-centered cubic and TiO2 anatase and rutile phases and an average particle size between 3.7 and 7.9 nm. Experiments considering formate electro-oxidation (voltammetry and chronoamperometry) showed that the presence of TiO2 is favorably using both synthesis methodologies while single cells revealed Pd nanoparticles supported on physical mixtures of carbon and TiO2, in the proportion of 75:25 as the most efficient, which was explained by the carbon high electrical conductivity and small quantities of TiO2 working as co-catalyst.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Instituto de Pesquisa Energéticas e Nucleares by TEM measurements, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), and LNNano for XRD analysis. The authors are also grateful to Evonik Degussa Brasil Ltda and Cabot Corporation for TiO2 and Vulcan Carbon samples.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq (407674/2016–0; 408430/2016–8; 169966/2017–8, 405546/2018–1; 103085/2019–0, and 403961/2021–1), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo – FAPESP (2017/21097–3, 2019/23342–0 and 2020/01050–5), and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil – CAPES, Finance Code 001, 88887.504861/2020–00.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Lagoa do Sino Campus, 18290-000, Buri, SP, Brazil

    Vitória Pistori Guimarães, Fernando Campanhã Vicentini & Mônica Helena Marcon Teixeira Assumpção

  2. Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN), University City, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Júlio Nandenha & Almir Oliveira Neto

  3. Department of Nature Sciences, Mathematics and Education, Federal University of São Carlos, 13600-970, Araras, SP, Brazil

    Luiz Otávio Orzari & Bruno Campos Janegitz

  4. Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Federal University of São Carlos, 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil

    Luiz Otávio Orzari

  5. Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Orlando Fatibello-Filho

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  1. Vitória Pistori Guimarães
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Guimarães, V.P., Nandenha, J., Orzari, L.O. et al. Effect of TiO2 and Synthesis Strategies on Formate Oxidation: Electrochemical and Fuel Cell Approaches. Electrocatalysis 14, 221–231 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-022-00789-5

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