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Simple Preparation of Au Nanoparticles and Their Application to Au Core/Pt Shell Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

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Abstract

Au nanoparticle-loaded carbon black (Au/CB) was prepared simply by bubbling CO as a reducing agent in a KAuCl4 aqueous solution containing polyvinyl alcohol as a stabilizer and then mixing Ketjen black as carbon black. X-ray diffraction spectra and transmission electron micrographs exhibited that the Au nanoparticles loaded on CB had the mean size of 3.3 nm which was scarcely increased even by the heat-treatment at 400 °C. For the Au/CB heat-treated at 400 °C (Au/CB-HT400), the modification of the Au nanoparticles with a Pt monolayer shell was performed by underpotential deposition of Cu and the following galvanic displacement with Pt. Cyclic voltammograms of Au–Pt1/CB-HT400 and Au–Pt2/CB-HT400 electrodes, which mean a Pt monolayer shell was deposited once and twice on Au/CB-HT400, indicated that 73 % and 97 % of the Au core nanoparticle surface were covered with the Pt shell, respectively. Koutecky–Levich plots made from hydrodynamic voltammograms of the Au–Pt x /CB-HT400 (x = 1, 2) electrodes exhibited that oxygen reduction reaction at both electrodes proceeded in four-electron mechanism like commercial Pt/CB. The mass activity at 0.9 V vs. RHE for Au–Pt1/CB-HT400 and Au–Pt2/CB-HT400 was ca. 5.1 and 4.4 times as high as that for the commercial Pt/CB, respectively. Moreover, in durability tests in which the square-wave potential cycling between 0.6 and 1.0 V vs. RHE was repeated 104 times, both catalysts were equivalent or superior to the commercial Pt/CB.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) through the Industrial Technology Research Grant Program (08002049-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan

    Eiji Higuchi, Kiyoaki Hayashi, Masanobu Chiku & Hiroshi Inoue

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  1. Eiji Higuchi
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  2. Kiyoaki Hayashi
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  3. Masanobu Chiku
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  4. Hiroshi Inoue
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Inoue.

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Higuchi, E., Hayashi, K., Chiku, M. et al. Simple Preparation of Au Nanoparticles and Their Application to Au Core/Pt Shell Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Electrocatalysis 3, 274–283 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-012-0101-6

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