Abstract
Objectives
This study explored the acute effects of meditation on prospective memory (PM) in older adults. Study 1 evaluated whether focused attention (FA) meditation improves PM, while Study 2 investigated whether open monitoring (OM) meditation can facilitate PM under the influence of a negative mood.
Method
In Study 1, 127 healthy older adults (Mage = 64.87) were randomized into a FA group or a mind wandering (MW) group. Three types of PM were assessed: focal event-based PM (EBPM), non-focal EBPM, and time-based PM (TBPM). Two experimental tasks were employed to measure sustained, selective, and executive attention. In Study 2, 157 healthy older adults (Mage = 66.19) were randomly allocated to an OM group or a MW group. Using a mood induction paradigm (neutral vs. negative), three types of PM (focal EBPM, non-focal EBPM, and TBPM) were assessed.
Results
In Study 1, the FA group outperformed the MW group in focal EBPM (p < 0.05); however, this improvement was only weakly and partially mediated by enhanced sustained attention (p < 0.05). In Study 2, the OM group exhibited better performance than the MW group in focal EBPM under a negative mood induction (p < 0.01).
Conclusions
This study offers preliminary evidence that FA and OM meditations are beneficial for PM in older adults. Even brief 25-min inductions of FA and OM can produce measurable benefits in focal EBPM, which can facilitate older adults to achieve functional independence and contribute to a successful aging experience.
Preregistration
This study is not preregistered
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Data Availability
Data is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data is not publicly available due to privacy concerns.
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We thank Ms. Aya Kwan for her generous help in the preparation of study materials for this study.
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Alex Pak Lik Tsang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Data Collection, Data Analyses, Writing- Original Draft Preparation, Writing- Reviewing and Editing. Huijing Lu: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing- Reviewing and Editing. Herman Hay Ming Lo: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing- Reviewing and Editing.
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Tsang, A.P.L., Lu, H. & Lo, H.H.M. The Acute Effects of Focused Attention and Open Monitoring Meditations on Prospective Memory in Older Adults. Mindfulness 15, 19–36 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02292-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02292-4