Abstract
Objectives
Bracing is the primary treatment for preventing spine curve progression and the subsequent need for surgery among patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and poor bracing compliance is a major factor limiting its treatment benefits. We compared the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention program called MBrace, which is a shorter version of the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program, versus that of a supervised physiotherapy exercise (PE) program in enhancing bracing compliance among AIS patients followed for eight months.
Method
Eighty-three AIS patients with unsatisfactory bracing compliance (< 18 hr/day) were randomly allocated to MBrace (n = 45) or PE (n = 38) program. The primary outcome was bracing compliance at Month 8 (six months post-intervention). Secondary outcomes included validated inventory of quality-of-life measures, self-compassion, emotion regulation, self-efficacy, stress, and mindfulness level at Month 2 (end of intervention) and Month 8.
Results
Although bracing compliance was considerably improved in the MBrace program group compared with control at Month 8 (difference in changes between-group (DD), 1.64 hr/day; 95% confidence interval (CI), − 0.25 to 3.53 hr/day; p = 0.09), statistical significance was achieved only after the exclusion of outliers (DD, 2.27 hr/day; 95% CI, 0.49–4.05 hr/day; p = 0.01). At Month 2, a significant treatment effect was estimated both with and without the exclusion of outliers. No significant between-group differences were observed in other secondary outcomes.
Conclusions
Mindfulness-based interventions may be effective to improve bracing compliance among AIS patients in the short term. Larger randomized controlled trials with longer follow-up durations are needed to confirm the long-term effects of mindfulness-based interventions.
Trial Registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR), ChiCTR-IOR-16010299.
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Data Availability
The de-identified data for this study is available at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/5vqhz/).
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This work was supported by the General Research Fund of the University Grants Committee Research Grants Council (Grant Number: 14614416) awarded to Benjamin Hon Kei Yip.
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XL executed the study and data analyses and drafted and edited the manuscript. ENSL collaborated with the design, executed the study, and edited the final manuscript. SKCC reviewed and edited the final manuscript. TPL collaborated with the data collection and reviewed and edited the final manuscript. JCYC collaborated with the data collection and reviewed and edited the final manuscript. EKPL reviewed and edited the final manuscript. SYSW collaborated with the design and writing of the study. BHKY conceptualized and designed the study, conducted data analyses, and drafted and edited the manuscript.
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Li, X., Lau, E.N.S., Chan, S.K.C. et al. Effects of Mindfulness-Based Intervention to Improve Bracing Compliance in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial. Mindfulness 14, 322–334 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-02021-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-02021-3
Keywords
- Bracing treatment
- Compliance
- Mindfulness-based intervention
- Physiotherapy exercise
- Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis