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Examining the Factorial Structure, Reliability, and Predictive Validity of the Portuguese Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)

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Abstract

Objectives

The present study examined the factorial structure and reliability of the Portuguese version of the Child and Adolescence Mindful Measure (CAMM) in a sample of pre-teens. We also studied its predictive validity by testing a mediation model assessing the indirect association between CAMM and school achievement via executive functions.

Methods

Our main and cross-validation samples were composed by 205 and 176 fourth graders, respectively. Participants completed the Portuguese CAMM and performed behavioral tasks, which provided indicators for the following executive functions: working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. Students’ school achievement was measured through their grades in the subjects of Portuguese and Mathematics. Using the R system for statistical computing, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling analyses.

Results

Results showed good reliability and a very good fit of a unidimensional model, despite the removal of two items. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed a positive association between CAMM and school achievement, fully mediated by executive functions. This is in line with previous findings suggesting that students who are more open to and aware of the ongoing experience may display better executive functioning and, in turn, achieve better results in school.

Conclusions

Overall, our results provided further evidence supporting the validity of the 8-item CAMM to assess mindfulness in Portuguese pre-teens.

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Data Availability

All data are available at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/fce64/).

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Funding

This research was supported by the M2S Project funded through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization, supported by FEDER and national funds allocated to the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT; ref. NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-028404).

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  1. Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal

    Teresa Limpo, Isabel Rasteiro, Sandra Aguiar & Sofia Magalhães

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Contributions

TL designed the study. TL and IR analyzed and interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript. SA drafted a preliminary version of the introduction and discussion. SM collected the data. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Teresa Limpo.

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Limpo, T., Rasteiro, I., Aguiar, S. et al. Examining the Factorial Structure, Reliability, and Predictive Validity of the Portuguese Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Mindfulness 13, 2879–2890 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-02003-5

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