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Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Positive Clinical Outcome in Panic Disorder: a 5-year Longitudinal Study

Mindfulness volume 12, pages 2149–2160 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

Objectives

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) as an adjunctive to pharmacotherapy (PT) has been suggested as a good treatment option for panic disorder (PD). However, its long-term effectiveness in generating positive treatment outcomes remains to be established. We assessed the long lasting effectiveness of adjunctive MBCT up to 5 years and the influence of genetic variations on treatment outcomes in patients with PD.

Methods

A total of 109 participants who received adjunctive MBCT to PT (MBCT + PT) and 109 age- and sex-matched patient controls (PT-alone) were followed up for relapse or aggravation of PD up to 5 years. The serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR), catechol-O-methyltransferase, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor polymorphisms were analyzed at baseline.

Results

Adjunctive MBCT significantly reduced the risk for relapse or aggravation of PD for up to 5 years. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism also had a significant positive effect on the long term outcome of PD; however, there was no therapygenetic effect on the benefits of adjunctive MBCT.

Conclusions

This 5-year follow-up study demonstrated the enduring therapeutic effects of MBCT adjunctive to PD for improving long-term treatment outcome in patients with PD. Furthermore, 5-HTTLPR polymorphism may be a moderator of treatment experiences that further boost treatment success. Future investigations are warranted to establish the clinical application of MBCT and the need for personalized treatment strategies to maintain positive outcomes in patients with PD.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to all study participants for their contribution to this study.

Funding

This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT, Republic of Korea (Grant number: NRF-2018R1D1A1B07046978); Bio & Medical Technology Development Program through the NRF funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT, Republic of Korea (Grant number: NRF-2019M3C7A1032262); and Healthcare AI Convergence Research & Development Program through the National IT Industry Promotion Agency of Korea (NIPA) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea (Grant number: S1601-20–1034).

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, 59 Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, South Korea

    Minji Bang, Borah Kim, Kang Soo Lee, Tai Kiu Choi & Sang-Hyuk Lee

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  1. Minji Bang
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Contributions

S.-H. L. designed the study. B. K., K. S. L., T. K. C., and S.-H. L. managed the participant recruitment and data acquisition. M. B., B. K., K. S. L., and T. K. C., compiled the database and conducted the data preprocessing and statistical analyses. M. and S.-H. implemented the literature reviews and interpretation of data. M. wrote the first draft of the manuscript. S.-H. and B. provided the critical revision of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sang-Hyuk Lee.

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The present study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of CHA Bundang Medical Center, in accordance with the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki and principles of Good Clinical Practice.

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All participants provided written informed consent after the study procedures had been fully explained to them.

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The funding source had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

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Bang, M., Kim, B., Lee, K.S. et al. Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Positive Clinical Outcome in Panic Disorder: a 5-year Longitudinal Study. Mindfulness 12, 2149–2160 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01667-9

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Keywords

  • Panic disorder
  • Mindfulness
  • MBCT
  • Treatment outcome
  • Genetic polymorphism
  • Therapygenetics