Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A Meta-analysis of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Impact on ADHD Symptoms, Depression, and Executive Functioning

  • ORIGINAL PAPER
  • Published:
Mindfulness Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Objectives

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are increasingly used in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the current study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the available studies on the effects of MBIs on ADHD symptoms, depression, and executive functioning in adults diagnosed with ADHD.

Methods

Screening and selection of peer-reviewed literature using PRISMA-P guidelines on PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and ERIC databases from inception to July 2019

Results

A total of 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis, for an aggregated sample of 834 adults with ADHD. Overall, the results showed that MBIs are effective to treat ADHD symptoms in adults, as well as to reduce depression and dysexecutive problems post-intervention.

Conclusions

MBIs are useful to improve ADHD symptoms, negative affect, and cognition in adult ADHD. The results contribute to better understanding and encourage the use of non-pharmacological treatments in ADHD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

*Selected studies for meta-analysis

  • Able, S. L., Johnston, J. A., Adler, L. A., & Swindle, R. W. (2007). Functional and psychosocial impairment in adults with undiagnosed ADHD. Psychological Medicine, 37(1), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706008713.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Almeida Montes, L. G., Hernandez Garcia, A. O., & Ricardo-Garcell, J. (2007). ADHD prevalence in adult outpatients with nonpsychotic psychiatric illnesses. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(2), 150–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054707304428.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington: Author.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Amiri, S., Ghoreishizadeh, M. A., Sadeghi-Bazargani, H., Jonggoo, M., Golmirzaei, J., Abdi, S., Safikhanlo, S., & Asadollahi, A. (2014). Prevalence of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adult ADHD): Tabriz. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 9(2), 83–88.

  • *Bachmann, K., Lam, A. P., Soros, P., Kanat, M., Hoxhaj, E., Matthies, S., Feige B, Müller, H., Özyurt, J., Thiel, C.M., & Philipsen, A. (2018). Effects of mindfulness and psychoeducation on working memory in adult ADHD: a randomised, controlled fMRI study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 106, 47-56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.002

  • Barlow, D. H., Ellard, K. K., Fairholme, C., Farchione, T. J., Boisseau, C., Allen, L., & Ehrenreich-May, J. (2011). Unified protocol for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bautista, T., James, D., & Amaro, H. (2019). Acceptability of mindfulness-based interventions for substance use disorder: a systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 35, 201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.02.012.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994). Opetagins characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics, 1088–1101.

  • Beheshti, A., Chavanon, M. L., & Christiansen, H. (2020). Emotion dysregulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-2442-7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Biederman, J., Petty, C. R., Clarke, A., Lomedico, A., & Faraone, S. V. (2011). Predictors of persistent ADHD: an 11-year follow-up study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45(2), 150–155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boonstra, A., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2005). Executive functioning in adult ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Psychological Medicine, 35(8), 1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1017/s003329170500499x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Borenstein, M. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Borenstein, M., & Rothstein, H. (1999). Comprehensive meta-analysis: a computer program for research synthesis. New Jersey: Englewoods.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bramer, W. M. (2018). Reference checking for systematic reviews using Endnote. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 106(4), 542–546.

  • Bramham, J., Murphy, D., Xenitidis, K., Asherson, P., Hopkin, G., & Young, S. (2012). Adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an investigation of age-related differences in behavioural symptoms, neuropsychological function and co-morbidity. Psychological Medicine, 42(10), 2225–2234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bron, T. I., Bijlenga, D., Verduijn, J., Penninx, B. W., Beekman, A. T., & Kooij, J. S. (2016). Prevalence of ADHD symptoms across clinical stages of major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 197, 29–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Bueno, V. F., Kozasa, E. H., da Silva, M. A., Alves, T. M., Louza, M. R., & Pompeia, S. (2015). Mindfulness meditation improves mood, quality of life, and attention in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. BioMed Research International, Article 962857. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/962857

  • Cairncross, M., & Miller, C. J. (2020). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapies for ADHD: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Attention Disorders, 24(5), 627–643.https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715625301.

  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: L. Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • *Cole, P., Weibel, S., Nicastro, R., Hasler, R., Dayer, A., Aubry, J. M., . . . Perroud, N. (2016). CBT/DBT skills training for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Psychiatra Danubina, 28(Suppl-1), 103-107. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27663817

  • Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (2009). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corbisiero, S., Morstedt, B., Bitto, H., & Stieglitz, R. D. (2017). Emotional dysregulation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-validity, predictability, severity, and comorbidity. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 73(1), 99–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22317.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Downey, K. K., Stelson, F. W., Pomerleau, O. F., & Giordani, B. (1997). Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: psychological test profiles in a clinical population. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 185(1), 32–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Edel, M. A., Holter, T., Wassink, K., & Juckel, G. (2017). A comparison of mindfulness-based group training and skills group training in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(6), 533-539. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714551635

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fahmy, R., Wasfi, M., Mamdouh, R., Moussa, K., Wahba, A., Wittemann, M., et al. (2018). Mindfulness-based interventions modulate structural network strength in patients with opioid dependence. Addictive Behaviors, 82, 50–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Fleming, A. P., McMahon, R. J., Moran, L. R., Peterson, A. P., & Dreessen, A. (2015). Pilot randomized controlled trial of dialectical behavior therapy group skills training for ADHD among college students. Journal of Attention Disorders, 19(3), 260-271. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714535951

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Franca, R. D., & Milbourn, B. (2015). A meta-analysis of mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) show that MBIs are effective in reducing acute symptoms of depression but not anxiety. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 62(2), 147–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12198.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grogan, K., & Bramham, J. (2016). Current mood symptoms do not affect the accuracy of retrospective self-ratings of childhood ADHD symptoms. Journal of Attention Disorders, 20(12), 1039–1046.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Gu, Y., Xu, G., & Zhu, Y. (2018). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for college students with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 22(4), 388-399. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716686183

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. Orlando. Montréal: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • *Hepark, S., Janssen, L., de Vries, A., Schoenberg, P. L. A., Donders, R., Kan, C. C., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2019). The efficacy of adapted MBCT on core symptoms and executive functioning in adults with ADHD: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(4), 351-362. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054715613587

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Hesslinger, B., Tebartz van Elst, L., Nyberg, E., Dykierek, P., Richter, H., Berner, M., & Ebert, D. (2002). Psychotherapy of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults-a pilot study using a structured skills training program. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 252(4), 177-184. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-002-0379-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, J. P., & Thompson, S. G. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 21(11), 1539–1558. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, J. P., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003). Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. British Medical Journal, 327(7414), 557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, J., Green, S., & Cochrane Collaboration (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane Collaboration.

  • Hofmann, S. G., & Gomez, A. F. (2017). Mindfulness-based interventions for anxiety and depression. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 40(4), 739–749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hosenbocus, S., & Chahal, R. (2012). A review of executive function deficits and pharmacological management in children and adolescents. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 21(3), 223-229.

  • *Hoxhaj, E., Sadohara, C., Borel, P., D’Amelio, R., Sobanski, E., Muller, H., . . . Philipsen, A. (2018). Mindfulness vs psychoeducation in adult ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 268(4), 321-335. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-018-0868-4

  • Jacob, C., Romanos, J., Dempfle, A., Heine, M., Windemuth-Kieselbach, C., Kruse, A., Reif, A., Walitza, S., Romanos, M., Strobel, A., Brocke, B., Schäfer, H., Schmidtke, A., Böning, J., & Lesch, K.-P. (2007). Co-morbidity of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with focus on personality traits and related disorders in a tertiary referral center. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 257, 309–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacob, C., Gross-Lesch, S., Jans, T., Geissler, J., Reif, A., Dempfle, A., & Lesch, K. P. (2014). Internalizing and externalizing behavior in adult ADHD. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 6(2), 101–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Janssen, L., Kan, C. C., Carpentier, P. J., Sizoo, B., Hepark, S., Schellekens, M. P. J., . . . Speckens, A. E. M. (2018). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy vs. treatment as usual in adults with ADHD: a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial - ERRATUM. Psychological Medicine, 48(11), 1920. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291718000776

  • Kamradt, J. M., Ullsperger, J. M., & Nikolas, M. A. (2014). Executive function assessment and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: tasks versus ratings on the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale. Psychological Assessment, 26(4), 1095–1105.

  • Kessler, R., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C., Demler, O., et al. (2006). The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(4), 716–723.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krisanaprakornkit, T., Ngamjarus, C., Witoonchart, C., & Piyavhatkul, N. (2010). Meditation therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 16(6), CD006507. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2000). Practical meta-analysis. London: SAGE publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • London, A. S., & Landes, S. D. (2019). Cohort change in the prevalence of ADHD among U.S. adults: evidence of a gender-specific historical period effect. Journal of Attention Disorders, 1087054719855689. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054719855689.

  • López-Pinar, C., Martínez-Sanchís, S., Carbonell-Vayá, E., Sánchez-Meca, J., & Fenollar-Cortés, J. (2019). Efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments on comorbid internalizing symptoms of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Attention Disorders, 24(3), 456–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054719855685.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michielsen, M., Comijs, H. C., Semeijn, E. J., Beekman, A. T., Deeg, D. J., & Kooij, J. S. (2013). The comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148(2-3), 220–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Mitchell, J. T., McIntyre, E. M., English, J. S., Dennis, M. F., Beckham, J. C., & Kollins, S. H. (2017). A pilot trial of mindfulness meditation yraining for ADHD in adulthood: impact on core symptoms, executive functioning, and emotion dysregulation. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(13), 1105-1120. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713513328

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Morgensterns, E., Alfredsson, J., & Hirvikoski, T. (2016). Structured skills training for adults with ADHD in an outpatient psychiatric context: an open feasibility trial. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 8(2), 101-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-015-0182-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor, D. A., Green, S. E., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2008). Defining the review question and developing criteria for including studies. In J. P. T. Higgins & S. Green (Eds.), Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (pp. 83–94). UK: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulson, J. F., & Bazemore, S. D. (2010). Prenatal and postpartum depression in fathers and its association with maternal depression: a meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303, 1961–1969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poissant, H., Mendrek, A., Talbot, N., Khoury, B., & Nolan, J. (2019). Behavioral and cognitive impacts of mindfulness-based interventions on adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. Behavioural Neurology, 2019, 5682050. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5682050.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Potvin, S., Stavro, K., Rizkallah, E., & Pelletier, J. (2014). Cocaine and cognition: a systematic quantitative review. Journal of Addictive Medicine., 8(5), 368–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Potvin, S., Pelletier, J., Grot, S., Hébert, C., Barr, A. M., & Lecomte, T. (2018 May). Cognitive deficits in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder: a meta-analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 80, 154–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Schoenberg, P. L., Hepark, S., Kan, C. C., Barendregt, H. P., Buitelaar, J. K., & Speckens, A. E. (2014). Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on neurophysiological correlates of performance monitoring in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Neurophysiology, 125(7), 1407-1416. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2013.11.031

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shamseer, L., Moher, D., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., et al. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015: elaboration and explanation. British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.), 349(1), G7647.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, P., Stringaris, A., Nigg, J., & Leibenluft, E. (2014). Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171(3), 276–293. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Simon, V., Czobor, P., & Bitter, I. (2013). Is ADHD severity in adults associated with the lifetime prevalence of comorbid depressive episodes and anxiety disorders? European Psychiatry, 28(5), 308–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sobanski, E. (2006). Psychiatric comorbidity in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256(1), 126–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprafkin, J., Steinberg, E. A., Gadow, K. D., & Drabick, D. A. (2016). Agreement among categorical, dimensional, and impairment criteria for ADHD and common comorbidities. Journal of Attention Disorders, 20(8), 665–673. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712475083.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stavro, K., Pelletier, J., & Potvin, S. (2013). Widespread and sustained cognitive deficits in alcoholism: a meta-analysis. Addiction Biology, 18(2), 203–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strohmeier, C. W., Rosenfield, B., DiTomasso, R. A., & Ramsay, J. R. (2016). Assessment of the relationship between self-reported cognitive distortions and adult ADHD, anxiety, depression, and hopelessness. Psychiatry Research, 238, 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Surman, C. B., Biederman, J., Spencer, T., Miller, C. A., McDermott, K. M., & Faraone, S. V. (2013). Understanding deficient emotional self-regulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled study. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 5(3), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-012-0100-8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Thorell, L. B., Holst, Y., Chistiansen, H., Kooij, J. J. S., Bijlenga, D., & Sjowall, D. (2017). Neuropsychological deficits in adults age 60 and above with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. European Psychiatry, 45, 90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.06.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vitola, E. S., Bau, C. H., Salum, G. A., Horta, B. L., Quevedo, L., Barros, F. C., et al. (2017). Exploring DSM-5 ADHD criteria beyond young adulthood : phenomenology, psychometric properties and prevalence in a large three-decade birth cohort. Psychological Medicine, 47(4), 744–754. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716002853.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xue, J., Zhang, Y., & Huang, Y. (2019). A meta-analytic investigation of the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on ADHD symptoms. Medicine, 98(23), e15957. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000015957.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, H. N., Tai, Y. M., Yang, L. K., & Gau, S. S. (2013). Prediction of childhood ADHD symptoms to quality of life in young adults: adult ADHD and anxiety/depression as mediators. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(10), 3168–3181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.06.011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Zylowska, L., Ackerman, D. L., Yang, M. H., Futrell, J. L., Horton, N. L., Hale, T. S., . . . Smalley, S. L. (2008). Mindfulness meditation training in adults and adolescents with ADHD: a feasibility study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(6), 737-746. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054707308502

Download references

Funding

This research was funded by The Quebec Research Funds

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département Éducation et Pédagogie, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3P8, Canada

    Hélène Poissant

  2. Institut des Sciences Cognitives, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Hélène Poissant

  3. Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Alexander Moreno

  4. Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR) – Notre-Dame Hospital, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal (CCSMTL), Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Alexander Moreno

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Stéphane Potvin

  6. Centre de recherche de l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal (IUSMM), CIUSSS de l’Est-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

    Stéphane Potvin & Adriana Mendrek

  7. Department of Psychology, Bishop’s University, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Adriana Mendrek

Authors
  1. Hélène Poissant
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alexander Moreno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stéphane Potvin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Adriana Mendrek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

HP designed and executed the study, assisted with the data analyses, and wrote the paper. AM (Moreno) conducted the data analyses and collaborated with the writing of the results section of the study. SP collaborated with the data analyses and editing of the final manuscript. AM (Mendrek) contributed to the systematic review and analysis of bias and editing of the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hélène Poissant.

Ethics declarations

The manuscript does not contain clinical studies or patient data.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Poissant, H., Moreno, A., Potvin, S. et al. A Meta-analysis of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Impact on ADHD Symptoms, Depression, and Executive Functioning. Mindfulness 11, 2669–2681 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01458-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01458-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation