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A Study on the Antipathogenic Effects of Nanoemulsion Against V. parahaemolyticus in Shrimp Aquaculture: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities

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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant concern in aquaculture, prompting the exploration of nanoemulsions (NEs) with a non-resistant mode of action as a safer and more effective alternative to antibiotics. In Asian countries, the culture of Penaeus vannamei has faced growing concerns as V. parahaemolyticus (Vp) has been increasingly linked to shrimp diseases, leading to huge economic losses. In response, stable ozonated oil-in-water NEs (NE-25, 26, 28, 29) were produced using a microfluidization method and characterized by their polydispersity index and average droplet size (NE-25, 26, 28, 29), which were found to 0.108, 0.251, 0.223, 0.173, and 229.7nm, 190.2nm, 201.8nm, and 145.8nm, respectively. The therapeutic potential of NEs is tested against pathogenic strains having tdh and toxR virulence gene, which were isolated from diseased shrimp (VP-S7 and VP-S14), these were found to be more resistant compared to commercial V. parahaemolyticus (MTCC-451) strain. Our NEs confirmatory antibacterial tests include bacteriostatic, bactericidal, antibiofilm, adherence, live/dead assays, and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) studies. All tested nanoemulsions showed effectiveness against planktonic and biofilm stages of V. parahaemolyticus; NE-25 showed strong adherence inhibition, with results of VP-S7 (49.55%), VP-S14 (53.47%), and MTCC-451 (68.76%). The biofilm inhibition of NE-25 (55.97%) is comparable to inhibition with antibiotics gentamicin (58.73%). The NE OCR results (1 × 107 cell/ml) compared to antibiotics treated and untreated, the fold reduction for NE-28 (0.2) is highly significant when compared with commercial antibiotics (0.6) and the growth control (1.0). Therefore, using NEs, which possess high antibacterial properties, is a promising alternative for treating V. parahaemolyticus compared to current antibiotics.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology for providing the facility to perform this research; and Dr. Sneha Unnikrishnan for data curation, formal analysis, and investigation. We thank Dr. Soumen Bera and Mr Md. Aashique for their help in doing OCR studies using the Clarke electrode-polygraph instrument.

Funding

This work was supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research [Project ID: 2020–4964].

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  1. School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Jahangir Ahmed & Karthikeyan Ramalingam

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Jahangir Ahmed: All experimental work, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, and writing of the original draft. Dr. Karthikeyan Ramalingam: conceptualization, supervision; validation; writing, review, and editing.

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Correspondence to Karthikeyan Ramalingam.

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Ahmed, J., Ramalingam, K. A Study on the Antipathogenic Effects of Nanoemulsion Against V. parahaemolyticus in Shrimp Aquaculture: Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities. BioNanoSci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-024-01375-3

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