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Physico-chemical Evaluation of Antiatherosclerotic Coronary Stent Coatings Based on Poly(lactic acid) Doped with Functionalized Fe@C Nanoparticles

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Abstract

High mortality associated with atherosclerosis necessitates the development of novel strategies for its treatment. Despite the widespread use and success of lipid-reducing drugs in therapy, they often come with unwanted side effects. One of the modern approaches for atherosclerosis treatment is using coronary stents with polymer coating and antiatherosclerotic agent, which can be released locally. Previously, our team demonstrated the benefits of composite coatings based on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) doped with Fe@C nanoparticles functionalized with C18 hydrophobic groups (C18-NPs). The presence of hydrophobic groups on the nanoparticles surface allows them to interact effectively with atherosclerotic plaque leading to its structural changes and destruction. Herein, the effect of functionalized nanoparticle content (from 0 to 10 wt.%) on the physicochemical properties of the composite PLA-based coatings (particularly, morphology, elemental composition, hydrophilicity, crystal structure, and adhesion to the substrate) is reported. It is demonstrated that the deposited coatings uniformly cover the surface of the model AISI 321H steel substrates with oxynitride layer regardless of the nanoparticle content. It was found that nanoparticle content had no effect on the PLA crystal structure. The formation of nanoparticle agglomerates and surface hydrophobization was observed for coatings with a nanoparticle content greater than 1 wt.%. The reported findings indicate that a nanoparticle content of 5 wt.% is optimal in terms of achieving a desirable combination of physicochemical characteristics and the ability to degrade atherosclerotic plaques.

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Acknowledgements

Coatings characterization was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project number 21-74-30016). This research was carried out using the equipment of the CSU NMNT TPU, supported by the RF MES project #075-15-2021-710. Some part of this research was carried out using the core facilities of TPU’s “Physical and chemical methods of analysis, the Common Use Center (CUC),” Analytical Center of the Tomsk Polytechnic University, and the Resource Center “Materials Science Shared Center,” part of the “Tomsk Regional Common Use Center (TRCUC)” of Tomsk State University. The authors thank Prof. Ermakov for the supplied Fe@C nanoparticles.

Funding

This research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), grant number 20–53-76012.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Onconanotheranostics Laboratory, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation

    Semen I. Goreninskii

  2. B.P. Veinberg Research and Educational Centre, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation

    Semen I. Goreninskii, Evgeny N. Bolbasov & Sergei I. Tverdokhlebov

  3. Division for Natural Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation

    Maksim E. Konishchev

  4. Microwave Photonics Lab, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation

    Evgeny N. Bolbasov

  5. Research School of Physics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation

    Kirill E. Evdokimov

  6. Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation

    Tuan-Hoang Tran & Marina E. Trusova

  7. Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation

    Shamil D. Akhmedov

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  1. Semen I. Goreninskii
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Sh.A., S.T., M.T.; methodology: S.G.; formal analysis: S.G., S.T.; investigation: S.G., M.K., K.E., T.T.H.; resources: S.T., E.B.; data curation: S.G.; writing—original draft preparation: S.G.; visualization: S.G.; supervision: S.T.; project administration: S.T.; funding acquisition: S.T. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sergei I. Tverdokhlebov.

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Goreninskii, S.I., Konishchev, M.E., Bolbasov, E.N. et al. Physico-chemical Evaluation of Antiatherosclerotic Coronary Stent Coatings Based on Poly(lactic acid) Doped with Functionalized Fe@C Nanoparticles. BioNanoSci. 14, 447–456 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01272-1

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