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Soliton-Based Signaling Communication and Supermolecular Nano-complex by DDMC/PTX in Tumor Microenvironment

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Abstract

Drug delivery systems (DDSs) using DEAE-dextran-MMA graft copolymer (DDMC)/Paclitaxel (PTX) have shown excellent anticancer activity when used as artificial enzymes in a tumor microenvironment (TME). Treatment with DDMC/sncRNA complex also showed a full recovery of mice from virus-induced sarcoma after changing cancer cells to normal cells. The kinetics of normalized relation of dose rate to cell death rate by using DDMC/PTX appears as a Sigmoid, and does not change in shape and velocity during the reaction period of MTT Assay at different times. The transport phenomena involving conserved energy (NSL(x)), momentum (SGSoliton(x)), and mass (Sig(x)) correspond to the same direction, which proves the solitonic behavior. A supermolecular complex created using DDMC/PTX oscillates, which can be explained by Toda lattice and acts like a Sigmoid from SG-Soliton wave. Signal transduction for this DDS must be the Sigmoid of soliton followed by transfer of conserved energy, momentum, and mass transfer. The soliton signal could explain the stability and sustainability of these feedback control systems. The block diagram of this signal system in a TME is shown using its loop transfer function G(s) and dN(s) of external force. This indicial response was ideal without any time lag of outlet response owing to soliton. The cell outlet/inlet response by DDMC/PTX must be on soliton signal wave that retains its energy and shape without jamming communication. By soliton flow, the result shows both equations of classical control theory and quantum mechanics can be related to chemistry of induced fit model by Hill Equation S-shaped.

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Data Availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available within the article.

Abbreviations

DDMC:

Diethylaminoethyl-dextran-methacrylic acid methyl ester copolymer

TME:

Tumor microenvironment

TCA:

Cycle-tricarboxylic acid cycle

sncRNAs:

Small non-coding RNAs

PTX:

Paclitxel

NSL(x):

Nonlinear Schrodinger equation

SGSoliton(x):

The Sine-Gordon equation

Sig(x):

Sigmoid equation (logistic equation, Fisher KPP equation)

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Acknowledgements

We are deeply grateful to the late Prof. Sigeo Yomosa of Nagoya University for his discussion of Soliton.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ryujyu Science Corporation, Kosora-cho, Seto, 489-0842, Aichi, Japan

    Yasuhiko Onishi & Masayasu Onishi

  2. Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, Oita, 870-1192, Japan

    Rui-Cheng Ji

  3. Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, 879-5593, Oita, Japan

    Takashi Kobayashi

  4. Nagoya University Hospital, Tsurumai, Nagoya, 466-8560, Aichi, Japan

    Masaaki Mizuno

  5. Sakura General Hospital, Oguchi-cho, 480-0127, Aichi, Japan

    Jun Yoshida

  6. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, 870-1192, Oita, Japan

    Naoji Kubota

  7. Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, North 20 West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Hokkaido, Japan

    Yuki Eshita

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  1. Yasuhiko Onishi
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Contributions

YO performed writing—original draft and conceptualization. R-C J, and TK, and MO, and MM, and JY, and NK, and YE writing—review and editing; conceptualization.

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Correspondence to Yasuhiko Onishi.

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Onishi, Y., Ji, RC., Kobayashi, T. et al. Soliton-Based Signaling Communication and Supermolecular Nano-complex by DDMC/PTX in Tumor Microenvironment. BioNanoSci. 14, 198–210 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01264-1

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