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Application of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene-Based Nanoadsorbents in Water Treatment

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Abstract

In this review, CNT-based adsorbents have been extensively used in the adsorption of inorganic and organic pollutants from water and wastewater. The use of nanoadsorbents is an attractive and promising option in the water treatment process due to its high specific surface area and unique physical and chemical properties. They demonstrate excellent adsorption properties due to their high specific surface area, exceptional porosities, hollow and layered structures, numerous internal and external adsorption sites, π-conjugative structure, and ease of chemical activation and functionalization. A wide range of mechanical, physical, and chemical approaches have been used for the modification or functionalization of CNTs to enhance their adsorptive properties in general or to make them selective toward certain classes of pollutants. Depending on the adsorption conditions and the functionalization involved, CNT-based adsorbents can interact with inorganic contaminants through different mechanisms such as surface complexation, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange, physical adsorption, and precipitation. In the case of organic pollutants, besides physical adsorption, π-π and electrostatic interactions play a major role in adsorption. In some cases, chemical bonding between organics and carbon nanotubes has also been reported as a mechanism of interaction. Properties, functionalization, and mechanisms are involved in CNT-based adsorption of pollutants from aqueous media. An insightful overview of the critical parameters that should be considered while using CNT-based adsorbents for water purification is also provided. In the end, some challenges associated with CNT-based adsorbents are presented, along with the potential solutions.

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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

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  105. Tian, Y., Patra, I., Majdi, H. S., Ahmad, N., Sivaraman, R., Smaisim, G. F., ... & Hekmatifar, M. (2022). Investigation of atomic behavior and pool boiling heat transfer of water/Fe nanofluid under different external heat fluxes and forces: a molecular dynamics approach. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 38, 102308.

  106. Smaisim, G. F., Al-Madhhachi, H., & Abed, A. M. (2022). Study the thermal management of Li-ion batteries using looped heat pipes with different nanofluids. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 37, 102227.

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  109. Smaisim, G. F., Prabu, N. M., Senthilkumar, A. P., & Abed, A. M. (2022). Synthesis of biodiesel from fish processing waste by nano magnetic catalyst and its thermodynamic analysis. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 102115.

  110. AbdulHussein, W. A., Abed, A. M., Mohammed, D. B., Smaisim, G. F., & Baghaei, S. (2022). Investigation of boiling process of different fluids in microchannels and nanochannels in the presence of external electric field and external magnetic field using molecular dynamics simulation. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 102105.

  111. Ahamad, S., Mohseni, M., Shekher, V., Smaisim, G. F., Tripathi, A., & Alanya-Beltran, J. (2022). A detailed analysis of the critical role of artificial intelligence in enabling high-performance cloud computing systems. In 2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE) (156–159). IEEE.

  112. Doss, A. N., Shah, D., Smaisim, G. F., Olha, M., & Jaiswal, S. (2022). A comprehensive analysis of Internet of things (IOT) in enhancing data security for better system integrity-a critical analysis on the security attacks and relevant countermeasures. In 2022 2nd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE) (165–167). IEEE.

  113. Smaisim, G. F., Abed, A. M., & Shamel, A. (2022). Modeling the thermal performance for different types of solar chimney power plants. Complexity, 2022.

  114. Smaisim, G. F., Bidgoli, M. O., Goh, K. L., & Bakhtiari, H. (2022). Review of thermoelastic, thermal properties and creep analysis of functionally graded cylindrical shell. Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 1–12.

  115. Smaisim, G. F., Abed, A. M., Hadrawi, S. K., & Shamel, A. (2022). Modeling and thermodynamic analysis of solar collector cogeneration for residential building energy supply. Journal of Engineering, 2022.

  116. Lefteh, A., Houshmand, M., Khorrampanah, M., & Smaisim, G. F. (2022). Optimization of modified adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (MANFIS) with artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for classification of bone cancer. In 2022 Second International Conference on Distributed Computing and High Performance Computing (DCHPC) (78–81). IEEE.

  117. Sallal, A. S., Smaisim, G. F., & Thahab, S. M. (2021). The heat transfer from fined perforated pipe improved due to nano-fluid. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (1973, 1 012075). IOP Publishing.

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  123. Smaisim, G., Fatla, O., Valera Medina, A., Rageb, A. M., & Syred, N. (2016). Experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of rotating circular cylinder speed on the lift and drag forces. International Journal of Energy and Environment, 7(1), 23–36.

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  127. Zhang, Y. X., Alizadeh, A. A., Abed, A. M., Nasajpour-Esfahani, N., Smaisim, G. F., Hadrawi, S. K., ... & Wang, M. X. (2023). Investigating the effect of size and number of layers of iron nanochannel on the thermal behavior and phase change process of calcium chloride/sodium sulfate hexa-hydrate with molecular dynamics simulation. Journal of Energy Storage, 62, 106762.

  128. Tang, J., Ahmadi, A., Alizadeh, A. A., Abedinzadeh, R., Abed, A. M., Smaisim, G. F., ... & Toghraie, D. (2023). Investigation of the mechanical properties of different amorphous composites using the molecular dynamics simulation. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 24, 1390–1400.

  129. Alizadeh, A. A., Abed, A. M., Zekri, H., Smaisim, G. F., Jalili, B., Pasha, P., & Ganji, D. D. (2023). Numerical investigation of the effect of the turbulator geometry (disturber) on heat transfer in a channel with a square section. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 69, 383–402.

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  131. Wang, H., Alizadeh, A. A., Abed, A. M., Piranfar, A., Smaisim, G. F., Hadrawi, S. K., ... & Hekmatifar, M. (2023). Investigation of the effects of porosity and volume fraction on the atomic behavior of cancer cells and microvascular cells of 3DN5 and 5OTF macromolecular structures during hematogenous metastasis using the molecular dynamics method. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 106832.

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  134. Mahmoud, Z. H., Mahmood, J. M., Al-Obaidi, N. S., & Rahima, A. M. (2023). Gama-Fe2O3 silica-coated 2-(2-benzothiazolyl azo)-4-methoxyaniline for supercapacitive performance: Original scientific paper. Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering.

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  137. Al-Obaidi, N. S., Sadeq, Z. E., Mahmoud, Z. H., Abd, A. N., Al-Mahdawi, A. S., & Ali, F. K. (2023). Synthesis of chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposite for efficient Cr (VI) removal from contaminated wastewater sorption kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism. Journal of Oleo Science, 72(3), 337–346.

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  142. Mansoor Al Sarraf, A. A., Alsultany, H., Mahmoud, F. H., Shafik, Z. S., AIMashhadani, S. Z. I., & Sajjadi, A. (2022). Magnetic nanoparticles supported zinc (II) complex (Fe3O4@ SiO2-Imine/Thio-Zn (OAc) 2): a green and efficient magnetically reusable zinc nanocatalyst for synthesis of nitriles via cyanation of aryl iodides. Synthetic Communications, 52(9–10), 1245–1253.

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  144. Mahmoud, Z. H., AL-Bayati, R. A., & Khadom, A. A. (2022). The efficacy of samarium loaded titanium dioxide (Sm: TiO2) for enhanced photocatalytic removal of rhodamine B dye in natural sunlight exposure. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1253, 132267.

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  165. Abdul-Reda Hussein, U., Mahmoud, Z. H., Abd Alaziz, K. M., Alid, M. L., Yasin, Y., Ali, F. K., ... & Kianfar, E. (2023). Antimicrobial finishing of textiles using nanomaterials. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 84, e264947.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan

    Chou-Yi Hsu

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

    Ahmed Mahdi Rheima & Marwa Saad Mohammed

  3. Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10022, Iraq

    Mustafa M. Kadhim

  4. Chemistry Department, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar, Iraq

    Srwa Hashim Mohammed

  5. Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, 51001, Iraq

    Fatima Hashim Abbas

  6. College of Pharmacy, The University of Mashreq, 10021, Baghdad, Iraq

    Zainab Talib Abed

  7. Department of Pharmacy, Mazaya University College, Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar, Iraq

    Zahra Muhammed Mahdi

  8. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq

    Zainab Sabri Abbas

  9. College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq

    Safa K. Hachim

  10. Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Health and Medical Technology, National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq

    Safa K. Hachim

  11. Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq

    Farah K. Ali

  12. Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, University of Diyala, Baquba, Iraq

    Zaid H. Mahmoud

  13. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Pure Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Ehsan kianfar

  14. Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

    Ehsan kianfar

  15. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran

    Ehsan kianfar

Authors
  1. Chou-Yi Hsu
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  2. Ahmed Mahdi Rheima
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  3. Marwa Saad Mohammed
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  4. Mustafa M. Kadhim
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  5. Srwa Hashim Mohammed
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  6. Fatima Hashim Abbas
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  7. Zainab Talib Abed
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  8. Zahra Muhammed Mahdi
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  9. Zainab Sabri Abbas
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  10. Safa K. Hachim
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  11. Farah K. Ali
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  12. Zaid H. Mahmoud
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  13. Ehsan kianfar
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Contributions

Chou-Yi Hsu, Ahmed Mahdi Rheima, Marwa Saad Mohammed, Mustafa M. Kadhim: reviewing and editing. Srwa Hashim Mohammed, Fatima Hashim Abbas, Zainab Talib Abed, Zahra Muhammed Mahdi, Zainab Sabri Abbas, Safa K. Hachim, Farah K. Ali, Zaid H. Mahmoud: reviewing and editing. Ehsan Kianfar: investigation, writing—original draft, reviewing and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ehsan kianfar.

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Hsu, CY., Rheima, A.M., Mohammed, M.S. et al. Application of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene-Based Nanoadsorbents in Water Treatment. BioNanoSci. 13, 1418–1436 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01175-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01175-1

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