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Biological Activity of Photodynamic Laser Radiation and Nickel Nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

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Abstract

S. aureus produces biofilm, causing bacterial adherence to different surfaces. There are few studies on the antibacterial effects of nickel nanoparticles (Ni-NPs). The aim of the present study is to examine the inhibitory effect of Ni-NPs on biofilm formation against S. aureus treated with low-intensity photodynamic laser therapy for photoactivation by methylene blue (MB) dye. Ni-NPs were synthesized by solution reduction process and characterized by SEM, TEM, UV-Visible spectrum, and EDS analysis. The result shows that Ni-NPs are of high purity. The results revealed that the decrease in bacterial cell conductivity due to cell wall rupture and massive cell death which appears in the ultrastructure of a bacterial cell by TEM. Biofilm formation significantly decreased by increased different concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/ml of Ni-NPs, in the presence of MB which increased the absorption of the laser beam and enhance the killing effect of the cell envelope. It was concluded that the combined therapy of MB loaded into Ni-NPs, light irradiates both MB and the Ni-NPs associated with MB. Our composite has dual effect one coming from the photothermal effect of the Ni-NPs and the other coming from the photodynamic effect of the MB and is the more effective method to destroy S. aureus pathogenic microorganism.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Damanhour University, El-Gomhoria Street, 22516, Damanhour, Egypt

    Sahar E. Abo-Neima

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  1. Sahar E. Abo-Neima
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Correspondence to Sahar E. Abo-Neima.

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In our work, we do not work Human or Animals to get informed consent.

Research Involving Bacteria Treatment

Basic research in the treatment of a type of gram-negative bacteria called staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

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Highlights

• Photosensitizing agent MB dye causes a decrease in the viable count of S. aureus by 35.3%, 38.2%, and 41.1% at 5, 10, and 15 min, respectively.

• Exposure of the suspension of S. aureus bacteria to laser light caused a decrease in the bacterial viable count with increasing the exposure time up to 20 min.

• Exposure of S. aureus suspension treated with MB dye and low-level laser light caused an increase in the percent of reduction to 85%.

• Exposure of S. aureus suspension to laser light in the absence of MB dye showed a decrease in the bacterial count by percent 67.6%.

• Exposure of S. aureus suspension to the combined effect of Ni-NPs, antibiotic, and laser irradiation time 20 min on S. aureus in the absence or presence of MB dye and antibiotic respectively, and decreased to 85% and 96.5% with MB dye and antibiotic, respectively.

• Irradiation of bacterial suspension to low-level laser light with MB dye after being treated by Ni-NPs (combined therapy) decreased the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and conductivity at all observed frequencies.

• A decrease in dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and conductivity of the suspension could be due to the rupture of the bacterial wall, exiting of the cell content to the suspended medium, and cell death

• Ultrastructure study of S. aureus treated with Ni-NPs showed precipitation of nanoparticles through the bacterial cell wall and cause cell wall rupture, also revealed massive cell death seen with dirty background of rupture cell content.

• Ultrastructure study of S. aureus exposed to laser light with MB dye after treating the suspension of bacteria with Ni-NPs showing cell wall rupture leaving all the contents of the cell out. Adding of MB dye increases the absorption of the laser beam and enhances the killing effect might be due to the striking perturbation of the cell envelope.

• We recommended that we used the combined therapy in the treatment of S. aureus. This method offers an alternate traditional antimicrobial agent for the elimination of the organism from wounds, burns, and carriage sites. Once this method of killing bacteria is approved to physical therapy management of infected skin lesions such that of diabetic foot infections.

• Risks of thermal side effects during treatment are very low so the present method could find a very good acceptance with patients because it involved minimal pain.

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Abo-Neima, S.E. Biological Activity of Photodynamic Laser Radiation and Nickel Nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria. BioNanoSci. 13, 704–717 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-023-01074-5

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