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Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ziziphus nummularia

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Abstract

The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using plants has gained much interest due to their potential widespread biomedical applications as compared to conventional tools. Due to small size and high surface to volume ratio, nanoparticles exhibited complete new or improved properties as compared to the bulk materials. Thus, the present study reports green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Ziziphus nummularia leaf extract and their antioxidant and anticancer activities. AuNPs were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract, and characterization was done by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques like UV-Vis, TGA, FITR, XRD, and TEM. The characteristic peak was at 534 nm by UV-Vis spectra. TEM disclosed the green synthesized particles to be 11–12 nm in size and spherical in shape. The green synthesized AuNPs showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against human cervical cancer cell line, breast cancer cell line, and fibroblast normal cell line. AuNPs were found to be nontoxic towards normal cell line. The genotoxicity study revealed the nontoxic nature at lower concentration. The biosynthesized AuNPs showed effective dose-dependent in vitro antioxidant activity against DPPH (IC50 = 520 μg/ml), SO (IC50 = 330 μg/ml), and ABTS (IC50 = 690 μg/ml) radicals. Considering the results together, AuNPs exhibited three different bioactivities (3-in-1 system), i.e., dose-dependent antioxidant, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activity. The results suggested that synthesized AuNPs can be used for various biological applications and can be effectively employed as future antioxidant and anticancer agents in the field of biomedicine.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS) for providing excellent research facilities.

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  1. Department of Microbiology, School of Science, RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360020, India

    Hemali Padalia

  2. Department of Biosciences (UGC-CAS), Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India

    Sumitra Chanda

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Correspondence to Sumitra Chanda.

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Highlights

• Green synthesis of AuNPs by Ziziphus nummularia leaf extract

• Characterized was done by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, TGA, XRD, and TEM analysis.

• AuNPs were 11–12 nm in size and spherical in shape.

• Dose-dependent antioxidant activity against DPPH, SO, and ABTS radicals

• AuNPs showed significant cytotoxic effect and no genotoxic effect at low concentration.

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Padalia, H., Chanda, S. Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Ziziphus nummularia. BioNanoSci. 11, 281–294 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-021-00849-y

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