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Effects of Cr and W in TiMoNb Refractory High Entropy Alloys

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Abstract

This study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing mechanically alloyed refractory high entropy alloys (RHEA) containing TiMoNb, Cr, W, and Cr + W. Analytical techniques including XRD, SEM, EDX, DTA, and TGA were employed to explore the influence of Cr and W on the alloys' structure, morphology, and thermal stability towards oxidation. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a single-phase bcc solid solution in TiMoNbCr, TiMoNbW, and TiMoNbCrW alloys. Crystallite size decreased as milling progressed, yielding average sizes of approximately 7.2 nm, 7.4 nm, and 9.7 nm, with lattice strains of 1.143%, 1.148%, and 1.15%, respectively. Both experimental and calculated values of lattice parameters converged to around 3.1685 ± 0.002 and 3.1791 ± 0.010 Å for all three alloys. The synergy of Cr and W in TiMoNb was observed for the first time, impacting dislocation density, hardness, and oxidation stability. TiMoNbCrW exhibited reduced dislocation density and the highest hardness (502 HV). TGA indicated enhanced oxidation resistance up to 400 °C for TiMoNbCrW compared to the most vulnerable TiMoNbCr alloy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Metal Technologies, Kırıkkale University, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey

    Tuncay Simsek

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey

    Altug Kurtulus

  3. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey

    Baris Avar & İlker Emin Dag

  4. Rare Earth Elements Application and Research Center, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey

    Seval Hale Güler

  5. Uniformity Labs, Fremont, CA, 94538, USA

    Arun K. Chattopadhyay

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  1. Tuncay Simsek
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  2. Altug Kurtulus
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  3. Baris Avar
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Contributions

TS: performed the experiments, data analysis, writing the first and final draft of manuscript, editing, reviewing, supervision, MAK: performed the experiments, data analysis, BA: writing the first draft of manuscript, data analysis, editing, reviewing, SHG: performed the experiments and characterizations of the thermal analysis, İD: hardness analysis were achieved, AKC: reviewing, data analysis, editing, writing the final draft of manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tuncay Simsek.

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Simsek, T., Kurtulus, A., Avar, B. et al. Effects of Cr and W in TiMoNb Refractory High Entropy Alloys. Trans Indian Inst Met (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-023-03259-8

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