Abstract
The goal of the current work was to investigate several heat treatment techniques to produce carbide-free bainite (CFB) in high silicon spring steel. Because silicon prevents the formation of carbide precipitation during austempering, it aids in the development of carbide-free bainite (steel compositions are 0.551%C, 1.756%Si, 0.825%Mn, and 0.13%Cr). Heat treatment at varying austempering temperatures of 300 °C, 350 °C, and 400 °C with holding times of 10, 20, and 30 min has been used to give treated samples the desired microstructure. Additionally, the disc-on-disc testing apparatus has been used to analyse the wear rates of the base and treated samples. The percentage of retained austenite in the carbon helps to prevent crack initiation and spread by undergoing transformation during deformation. It also increases the treated sample's wear resistance and toughness. It has been thoroughly investigated how hardness and the fraction of retained austenite affect the particular wear rate. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have been used to critically analyse the phase fraction and preserve austenite stability. CFB steel has a toughness range of 27 ± 0.8–70 ± 1.0.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Davenport, E. S., & Bain, E. C. (1970). Metall Trans, 1, 3503.
Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. (2010). Proc R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci, 466, 3
Garcia-Mateo, C., Caballero, FG, & Bhadeshia, HKDH. (2003). ISIJ Int, 43, 1821
Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. (2005). Ironmak Steelmak, 32, 405
Caballero, F. G., Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H., Mawella, K. J. A., Jones, D. G., & Brown, P. (2002). Mater Sci Technol 18, 279
Ghasemi, R., & Elmquist, L. (2014). Wear, 320, 120.
Sandvik, B. P. J., & Nevalainen, H. P. (1981). Met Technol, 8, 213
Liu, B., Li, W., Lu, X., Jia, X., & Jin, X. (2019). Wear, 428, 127
Liu B, Li W, Lu X, Jia X, Jin X (2019). Wear 440:203088
Bosnjak, B., Asanovic, V., Radulovic, B., & Pop-Tonev, K. (2001). J Mater Eng Perform, 10, 203.
Sourmail, T., Caballero, F. G., García-Mateo, C., Smanio, V., Ziegler, C., Kuntz, M., & Teeri, T. (2013). Mater Sci Technol, 29, 1166.
Leiro, A., Vuorinen, E., Sundin, K. G., Prakash, B., Sourmail, T., Smanio, V., & Elvira, R. (2013). Wear, 298, 42
Vuorinen, E., Wang, L., Stanojevic, S., & Prakash, B. (2009). Influence of retained austenite on rolling-sliding wear resistance of austempered silicon alloyed steel. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International conference on hot sheet metal forming of high-performance steel, pp. 339–347
Palaksha, P. A., Syamkrishna, P., & Ravishankar, K. S. (2017). Mater Today Proc, 4, 10757
Yang, G. H., & Garrison Jr, W. M. (1989). Wear, 129, 93.
Kim, H. J., & Kweon, Y. G. (1996). Wear, 193, 8
Leiro, A., Kankanala, A., Vuorinen, E., & Prakash, B. (2011). Wear, 273, 2
Hernandez, S., Leiro, A., Ripoll, M. R., Vuorinen, E., Sundin, K. G., & Prakash, B. (2016). Wear, 360, 21
H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia (2001) Bainite in steels 2nd ed. The Institute of Materials, London.
Chang, L. C. (2005). Wear, 258, 730
Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H., & Edmonds, D. V. (1983). Metal Sci, 17, 411
Gong, W., Tomota, Y., Adachi, Y., Paradowska, A. M., Kelleher, J. F., & Zhang, S. Y. (2013). Acta Mater, 61, 4142.
Kaletin, A. Y., & Kaletina, Y. V. (2015). Phys Solid State, 57, 59.
Putatunda, S. K., Singar, A. V., Tackett, R., & Lawes, G. (2009). Mater Sci Eng: A, 513, 329
Cullity, B. D. (1959). Elements of X-ray Diffraction. Addison-Wesley Publishing, Boston, MA, pp. 388–896
Acknowledgements
The author is thankful to Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal (MANIT) for providing the necessary facility for this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Kumar, R., Dwivedi, R.K., Singh, V.P. et al. Influence of Toughness and Retained Austenite on Wear Behaviour of Carbide-Free Bainite in High Silicon Steel. Trans Indian Inst Met 76, 2425–2434 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02818-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02818-9