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Pathways to Titanium Martensite

Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals volume 75, pages 1051–1068 (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

The structural relationship between the parent and product phases in the martensitic transformation from the parent β phase is described. The atomic movements leading to the martensite are accomplished by a long-range shear {112} < 111 > that transforms the parent to the product lattice and a short-wavelength displacement or shuffle {110} < 110 > that induces the correct stacking. The microstructures arising out of these paths depend on which of these modes initiates the transformation. When the shear precedes the shuffle, conventional martensite forms as dislocated laths or internally twinned plates. A signature of the {110} < 110 > shuffle that follows or accompanies the shear is present in both cases as stacking fault-related domains. The shuffle displacement precedes the shear with increasing β stabilizer addition, resulting in a nanodispersion of a structure with orthorhombic symmetry, which we have designated as O′. Al, Sn, Zr and O additions promote the shuffle. The O′ dispersion acts as embryos for the formation of nanomartensite on cooling or with the application of stress. The resulting continuous and controlled strain incorporation into the lattice within the constrained nanoembryos results in nonlinear superelasticity or the invar and elinvar effects. The stability of the bcc parent is discussed in terms of phonon mode or related elastic constant softening.

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Acknowledgements

DB acknowledges the INSA senior scientist fellowship. YW acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation, USA, under Grant DMR-1923929. YZ appreciates financial support from National Science Foundation, Grant CMMI-2122272. RB and HLF acknowledge support by the National Science Foundation (NSF), Division of Materials Research (DMR) under Grants DMR-1905844 and DMR-1905835.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA

    Yufeng Zheng

  2. Materials Research Facility and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA

    Rajarshi Banerjee

  3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Yunzhi Wang & Hamish Fraser

  4. Center for the Accelerated Maturation of Materials (CAMM), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Yunzhi Wang & Hamish Fraser

  5. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

    Dipankar Banerjee

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  1. Yufeng Zheng
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  2. Rajarshi Banerjee
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Correspondence to Dipankar Banerjee.

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Zheng, Y., Banerjee, R., Wang, Y. et al. Pathways to Titanium Martensite. Trans Indian Inst Met 75, 1051–1068 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-022-02559-9

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Keywords

  • Titanium alloys
  • Martensite
  • High-resolution electron microscopy