Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of Armour Steel Welds Using Austenitic and Ferritic Filler Metals

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, fillet welding processes were performed on high strength Miilux Protection 500 (MIL-A-46100) steel, which is used as armour material in defence industry, using GMAW method with austenitic ER307 and ferritic ER110S-G filler metals. The characterization of welded structure was carried out by performing elemental mapping processes as well as microstructural examination and microhardness tests. Results showed that hardness of weld metal was found to be 46% and 78% of the base metal hardness for austenic and ferritic filler metal, respectively. The fine-grained heat-affected zone was found to be the highest hardness while intercrital heat-affected zone was found to be lowest hardness through heat-affected zone. The smoother decrease was obtained in the softening zone with austenitic filler metal due to lower thermal conductivity. Consequently, the hardness values at a distance of 6 mm from the plate edge for both filler metals reached the hardness of base metal and both welded structures met the minimum requirements of the military standards.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Neuvonen Y, Skriko T and Björk T, Eur J Mech A Solids 89 (2021).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Fageehi Y A, Saminathan R, Venugopal G, Valder J, Kumar H, Ravishankar K S, Mater Today 42 (2021) 343.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Mehara M, Goswami C, Kumar S R, Singh G, Wagdre M K, Mater Today (2021), (in press)

  4. Nagireddi S, Majumdar B, Bonta S,  and Diraviam A B, Trans Indian Inst Met 74 (2021) 2117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kuzmikova L, An investigation of the weldability of high hardness armor steel, PhD Thesis, University of Wollongong, Australia, (2013).

  6. Magudeeswaran, Balasubramanian G V and Reddy G M, Mater Des 29 (2008) 1821.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Magudeeswaran, Balasubramanian G V and Reddy G M, Def Technol 10 (2014) 47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sabari, S S, Malarvizhi S, Balasubramanian V, and Reddy, M G, Def Technol 12 (2016) 324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Alkemade, S J, The weld cracking susceptibility of high hardness armour steel, Defense Science and Technology Organization, Australia, 1–17, (1996)

  10. Kumar N S, Balasubramanian V, Malarvizhi S, Rahman A H, and Balaguru V, Trans Indian Inst Met 74 (2021) 909.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Magudeeswaran G, Balasubramanian V and Reddy M G, (2014). Def Technol 10 (2014) 47.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Pramanick A K, Das H, Nandy S, and Pal T K, Trans Indian Inst Met 70 (2017) 1621.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Balalan Z, Sarsilmaz F, Ekinci O, Mater Test 62 (2020) 689.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Evci C, Işık H, Değirmenci E, Mater Test 56 (2014) 812.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Magudeeswaran G, Balasubramanian V and Reddy M G, Int J Hydrog Energy 33 (2008) 1897.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bailey N, Coe F R, Gooch T G, Hart P H M, Jenkins N, Pargeter R J, Welding Steels Without Hydrogen Cracking (Second Edition), Woodhead Publishing, (2004), 46, ISBN 9781855730144

  17. King J F, Sullivan M D, and Slaughte G M, Weld J 56 (1977) 354.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Saxena A, Kumaraswamy A, Reddy G M, Madhu V, Def Technol 14 (2018) 188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Günen A, Bayar S, Karakaş M, J Eng Mater Technol 142 (2019) 1.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Savic B and Cabrilo A, Effect of heat Input on the ballistic performance of armor steel weldments, Materials 14 (2021), 3617.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Tandon V, Manish A. Thombre, Patil A P, Taiwade R V, Vashishtha H, Metallogr Microstruct Anal 9 (2020) 668.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pandey C, Metall Mater Trans A 51 (2020) 2126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sirohi S, Pandey C, Goyal A., Int J Press Vessels Pipi 188 (2020) 104179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kumar S, Pandey C, Amit Goyal 185 (2020) 104128.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Maurya A K, Pandey C, Chhibber R, Int J Press Vessels Pip 192 (2021)104439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Horii Y, Kazutoshi I, Shigeru O, Shuichi F, and Shuichi Y, Q J Jpn Weld Soc 13 (1995) 500.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Barbaro F J, Krauklis P, Easterling K E, Mater Sci Technol 5 (1989) 1057.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Abson D J, Sci Technol Weld Join 23 (2018) 635.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Danilchenko V E, Mazanko V F and Iakovlev V E, Nanoscale Res Lett 9 (2014) 322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Xu J, Peng Y, Guo S, Zhou Q,  Zhu J and Li X, J Mater Eng Perform 28 (2019) 6669.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pandey C, Mahapatra MM, Kumar P, Thakre JG, Saini N, J Mater Process Technol 263 (2019) 241.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. MIL-STD-1185, Department of Defense Manufacturing Process Standard: Welding, High Hardness Armor (31 Dec 1979) [Supersedes Mil-W-62162].

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study has been supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the scope of "TUBITAK-1505" (University-Industry Cooperation Support Program) with the project number 5210019. Authors wish to thank Miilux OY Steel for the provisions of the steel plates under the technical and research cooperation programme between Miilux OY and Gedik Welding. Furthermore, authors wish to acknowledge the valuable contributions of Mr. Mert Basmacı for the preparations of the plates for welding.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gedik Welding Company, Research and Development Center, Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey

    Uğur Gürol, Sevim Erdöl & Hakan Baykal

  2. Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Gedik University, Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey

    Uğur Gürol, Tuba Karahan & Ozan Çoban

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul Gedik University, Kartal, Istanbul, Turkey

    Mustafa Koçak

Authors
  1. Uğur Gürol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tuba Karahan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sevim Erdöl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ozan Çoban
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hakan Baykal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mustafa Koçak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Uğur Gürol.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gürol, U., Karahan, T., Erdöl, S. et al. Characterization of Armour Steel Welds Using Austenitic and Ferritic Filler Metals. Trans Indian Inst Met 75, 757–770 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02464-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02464-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation