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Conventional and Additively Manufactured Stainless Steels: A Review

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Abstract

For the last three decades, enormous manufacturing processes have been widely employed in the field of transportation (aviation, automobile, and marine) as well as various industrial sectors. Among the invented techniques, conventional manufacturing plays a versatile and cost-effective role, but additive manufacturing (AM) possesses a more significant advantage in handling complicated parts or complex geometrical structures. The conventional processes were used from ancient times until the development of other advanced techniques. In the recent development of technology, AM technology has shown a tremendous change in the manufacturing field. The process of development in AM began with polymers, then to composites, and advanced to nanocomposites continuously. AM provides a waste-free production management system with enhanced processes. Therefore, this detailed and compendious review describes the different stainless steels fabricated through conventional and AM techniques. It is evident that AM proves better than other several conventional techniques by three-dimensional (3D) printing of quality and complex stainless-steel components that are impossible to manufacture through other methods. Notwithstanding, there is still a need to improve AM technique by reducing the manufacturing cost, supporting mass production, and printing large stainless-steel components. With an increase in the invention of various efficient state-of-the-art engineering software, robots in manufacturing, artificial intelligence, and smart manufacturing, the aforementioned drawbacks of AM technique/3D printing of various stainless-steel structures will be soon eradicated.

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Acknowledgements

We hereby acknowledge and sincere appreciation to Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626 126, Tamil Nadu, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Tamil Nadu, Krishnankoil, 626126, India

    J. R. Jessy Michla & Rajini Nagarajan

  2. Center of Innovation in Design and Engineering for Manufacturing (CoI-DEM), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Wongsawang Road, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand

    Senthilkumar Krishnasamy

  3. Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Wongsawang Road, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand

    Suchart Siengchin

  4. Department of Engineering, Centre for Engineering Research, School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK

    Sikiru Oluwarotimi Ismail

  5. CEMILAC, Defence R&D Organization, Bangalore, 560037, India

    T. Ram Prabhu

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  1. J. R. Jessy Michla
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  2. Rajini Nagarajan
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  3. Senthilkumar Krishnasamy
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  4. Suchart Siengchin
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  5. Sikiru Oluwarotimi Ismail
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Contributions

JRJM collected primary data, contributed to draft, checked the draft, and prepared the overall manuscript and finalized the contents. RN supervised and contributed to writing. SK investigated on results and contributed to writing. SS edited the manuscript and arranged resources. SOI reviewed the manuscript and did the overall editing, investigated on results, and the validated data. TRP contributed to writing.

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Correspondence to Rajini Nagarajan.

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Michla, J.R.J., Nagarajan, R., Krishnasamy, S. et al. Conventional and Additively Manufactured Stainless Steels: A Review. Trans Indian Inst Met 74, 1261–1278 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02305-7

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