Abstract
Mineralogical and morphological characterization of a low-grade lead–zinc ore is carried out prior to the selection of beneficiation strategy using the combination of XRD, XRF, SEM, EPMA, microscopic, and liberation studies. Mineralogical studies indicate that the ore primarily consists of base metal sulfides (galena and sphalerite), ferruginous mineral (pyrrhotite), silicate minerals (quartz, mica, and feldspar), and graphite. Lead–zinc grains are mostly present in an interlocked state with silicate and other sulfide minerals. The sample shows an assay value of 12.14% Zn, 1.77% Pb, 57.6% ISM, 6.47% Fe, 4.19% C, and 40 ppm Ag. Based on the liberation studies, it can be predicted that beneficiation may be opted at − 75 µm as 85% liberation of value minerals is envisaged at this size range. As the ore exhibits high interlocking pattern with low-grade valuable minerals, pre-concentration is necessitated prior to flotation for further downstream operation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Onyedika G O, Onwukamike K, Onyenehide C and Ogwuegbu M O C, Characterization of Minerals, Metals and Materials, Springer, Berlin (2015).
Indian Minerals Yearbook (Part II: Metals and alloys), 56th Edn (2017).
Zhang X W, Yang L S, Li Y H, Li H R, Wang W Y and Ge Q S, Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China21 (2011), 2513.
Yang-Bao X, Wen-Qing Q and Hui L, Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China22 (2012) 725.
Olubambi P A, Ndlovu S, Potgieter J H and Borode J O, Int J of Miner Process87 (2008) 83.
Udaya Bhaskar K, Ravi Raju M, Koshalaraok, Banerjee P, Srivastava J K and Barnwal J P. in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology, Chennai, India (2006) 112.
Rao N V C, Sutaone A T and Gundeswar C S in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology, Chennai, India (2006) 144.
Viswanath U, Prasad K S and Joshi A in Proceedings of the International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology, Chennai, India (2006) 134.
Holler W, Touret J L R and Stumpfl E H, Miner Depos31 (1996) 163.
Deb M and Sehgal U, Indian Acad Sci106 (1997) 4.
Kahn H, Mano E S and Tassinari M, J Mineral Mater Char Eng1 (2002) 1.
Holler W and Gandhi S M, Can Mineral33 (1995) 1047.
Olubambi P A, Potgieter J H, Ndlovu S and Borode J O, Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China19 (2009) 1312.
Jena M S, Mohanty J K, Sahu P, Venugopal R and Mandre N R, Trans Ind Inst Metals70 (2017) 287.
Knelson B and Jones R, Miner Eng7 (1994) 201.
Xiao Z and Laplante A R, Miner Eng17 (2004) 961.
Uslu T, Sahinoglu E and Yavuz M, Fuel Process Technol101 (2012) 94.
Ghaffari A and Farzanegan A, Miner Eng112 (2017) 57.
Marion C, Langlois R, Kökkılıç O, Zhou M, Williams H, Awais M, Rowson N A and Waters K E, Miner Eng 135 (2018) 139.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank and express their gratitude to Central Research Facility, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad, Mineral Processing Division, IBM, Nagpur and MRC, MNIT, Jaipur, to extend their facilities for carrying out the characterization studies.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nayak, A., Ashrit, S., Jena, M.S. et al. Mineralogical Characterization for Selection of Possible Beneficiation Route for Low-Grade Lead–Zinc Ore of Rampura Agucha, India. Trans Indian Inst Met 73, 775–784 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-020-01887-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-020-01887-y