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A Study on Micro-hardness and Tribological Behaviour of Nano-WC–Co–Cr/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced AZ91D Magnesium Matrix Surface Composites

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Abstract

In the present study, AZ91-D magnesium alloy based metal matrix surface composites (MMSCs) were fabricated by multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) technique. The nano-WC–Co–Cr and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as reinforcements were added by multi-pass FSP using grooving method. The effect of different volume fractions (%) of nano-reinforcements on the micro-structure, micro-hardness and tribological properties of MMSCs were studied. The AZ91-D parent material showed poor micro-hardness and tribological performance which could be attributed to coarse grain microstructure and secondary β-phase distributed on the grain boundaries. On the other hand, friction stir processed material and fabricated MMSCs exhibited improved micro-hardness and tribological properties. This improved performance could be attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of reinforcement particles, dynamically recrystallized ultra-fine structure, and the dissolution of secondary β-phase. Among the different nano-MMSCs reinforced with pure MWCNTs, pure WC–Co–Cr and its hybrid. The WC–Co–Cr/MWCNTs (1:1 ratio) hybrid composite exhibited a maximum average micro-hardness of 118.05 HV, minimum wear rate of 0.45 × 10−3 mm3/m. But the minimum coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.32 was obtained in case of pure MWCNTs reinforced MMSC. Wear mechanisms like micro-cutting, micro-ploughing, delamination etc. were also evident from the SEM images.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Welding Research Laboratory, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India for providing sophisticated mechanical and metallurgical testing facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, IPEC, Ghaziabad, 201010, India

    Neharika Bhadouria

  2. Industrial Engineering Department, NCL, Singrauli, 486889, India

    Pradeep Kumar

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, NIT Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, India

    Lalit Thakur

  4. Department of Materials and Contracts, NMDC Iron and Steel Plant, Jagdalpur, 494001, India

    Sudhanshu Dixit

  5. Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

    Navneet Arora

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  1. Neharika Bhadouria
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  2. Pradeep Kumar
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  4. Sudhanshu Dixit
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Correspondence to Neharika Bhadouria.

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Bhadouria, N., Kumar, P., Thakur, L. et al. A Study on Micro-hardness and Tribological Behaviour of Nano-WC–Co–Cr/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced AZ91D Magnesium Matrix Surface Composites. Trans Indian Inst Met 70, 2477–2483 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-017-1111-0

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