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Flow Behaviour of Modified 9Cr–1Mo Steel at Elevated Temperatures

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Abstract

In this investigation, the flow behaviour of modified 9Cr–1Mo steel at elevated temperatures is reported. To understand the flow behaviour of the steel, tensile tests were performed at nominal strain rate of 3 × 10−3 s−1 and temperatures in the range of 300–823 K. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were found to decrease with increase in temperature with a plateau in a intermediate temperature regime (523–673 K). Serrations were also observed in the tensile curve at intermediate temperatures which caused plateau/peak in tensile behaviour of material and was a typical manifestation of dynamic strain ageing. An attempt was made to represent the flow behaviour of the material using different constitutive equations viz., Hollomon, Ludwik, Swift, Ludwigson and Voce. It was observed that the Voce equation could describe the experimental flow curve at different temperatures quite well. Instantaneous work hardening rate with respect to flow stress exhibited two stages of hardening especially at relatively lower temperatures.

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Abbreviations

σ :

True stress

ɛ :

True strain

ɛ 0 :

Pre strain

σ 0 :

Pre stress

\({\text{K}}_{\text{H}} ,\,{\text{K}}_{\text{L}} ,\,{\text{K}}_{\text{S}} ,\,{\text{K}}_{1}\) :

Strength coefficient of Hollomon, Ludwik, Swift and Ludwigson equations respectively

\({\text{n}}_{\text{H}} ,\,{\text{n}}_{\text{L}} ,\,{\text{n}}_{\text{S}} ,\,{\text{n}}_{1}\) :

Strain hardening exponent of Hollomon, Ludwik, Swift and Ludwigson equations respectively

σ S :

Saturation stress

σ I :

Initial stress

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their deep sense of gratitude to Dr. G. Amarendra, Director, Metallurgy and Materials Group, IGCAR for keen interest in this work and encouragement. The authors are thankful to Ms. S. Panneer Selvi for help during experiments. Authors would like to thank Mr. D. P. Rao Palaparti for the fruitful technical discussion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, HBNI, Kalpakkam, 603 102, India

    V. Shiva, Sunil Goyal, R. Sandhya, K. Laha & A. K. Bhaduri

Authors
  1. V. Shiva
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  2. Sunil Goyal
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  3. R. Sandhya
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  4. K. Laha
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  5. A. K. Bhaduri
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Correspondence to V. Shiva.

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Shiva, V., Goyal, S., Sandhya, R. et al. Flow Behaviour of Modified 9Cr–1Mo Steel at Elevated Temperatures. Trans Indian Inst Met 70, 589–596 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-017-1047-4

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