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Imaging seawater flow in porous media under climate change water stress using geophysics: a case study of Menzel Horr coastline in Northeastern Tunisia, Mediterranean basin

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Abstract

The Menzel Horr coastal aquifer in Northeastern Tunisia, Mediterranean basin, suffers for decades, from severe water resource depletion and seawater intrusion due to overexploitation. To address this issue, the study focused on using geophysical subsurface imaging techniques to understand seawater flow in porous media and define the geological framework of the study area. Regional ground gravity data supported by a seismic reflection profile was analyzed to highlight the structural control of the Plio-Quaternary to Miocene aquifer system in this region. The study area is located above a hidden folded structure called “the Menzel Horr pop-up” affected by three major faults. In a second step, a time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) survey integrated with an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profile was conducted. These surveys were calibrated using detailed well log lithostratigraphy, to dissociate the deep clayey substratum from the sandy shallow aquifer and were able to detect the brackish water signature that impacted the sandy/sandstone aquifer. Finally, at a local scale, a set of nine ERT profiles were performed along the coastline with the Wenner–Schlumberger array to image the porous zone in the first 20 m of depth. The obtained data were smoothed and filtered then inversed. The density transition zone between freshwater/saltwater was imaged as a distinct plume of seawater. Finally, a “Pseudo-3D” electrical resistivity image was built aiming to provide a very useful tool to help hydrogeologists develop effective strategies for managing and conserving water resources and mitigating seawater intrusion in the Menzel Horr coastal aquifer.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Water Research and Technologies Center (CERTE), Technopole Borj-Cedria, Tunisia. In addition, it is part of the project “Water Task Force WTF, Porous Media, Fluid Transfers and Global Changes for Better Resource Management, CERTE/MERES, Tunisia, 2019-2022”. The authors are very grateful to ONM and ETAP for, respectively, providing gravity and seismic data. The authors would like, also to thank Oussama Kortas and Mohamed Hamrouni Ph.D. students (CERTE) for their support during the ERT acquisition, to Thank Dr. Nesrine Ghouili for the reviews of part of this article. In addition, we tend to thank the CRDA (Regional Office of Agricultural Development) of Nabeul for providing us with the 2020 Static level data of the sallow aquifer of the western coast. Finally, the authors would like to express their appreciation to anonymous reviewers for taking the time and effort required to carefully review the article.

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The authors declare that this research did not receive any specific grant or other support from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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  1. Georesources Laboratory LGR, Water Research and Technologies Center, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia

    Sana Ayari & Hakim Gabtni

  2. Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, El Manar II, Tunis, Tunisia

    Sana Ayari

  3. AGHYLE, Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, F-60026, Beauvais Cedex, France

    Lahcen Zouhri

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All authors commented, edited, read, and approved final versions of the manuscript. Methodology preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by SA and HG. The first draft of the manuscript was written by SA and all authors commented on previous versions. Review, editing, and supervising of the hydrogeology part were conducted by LZ.

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Ayari, S., Gabtni, H. & Zouhri, L. Imaging seawater flow in porous media under climate change water stress using geophysics: a case study of Menzel Horr coastline in Northeastern Tunisia, Mediterranean basin. Environ Earth Sci 82, 499 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-11199-1

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