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Assessment on dynamic mechanical responses and failure behaviors of horizontal/vertical bedded sandstone

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Abstract

A series of dynamic impact failure tests were performed on natural sandstone containing horizontal/vertical beddings regrading various impact velocities. In the velocity range of 2–12 m/s, the dynamic peak strength increased by a factor of 1.83 and 1.75, the dynamic peak strain increased by a factor of 2.66 and 1.44, and elastic modulus increased by 88.90% and 127.32%, for the samples containing horizontal (α = 0°) and vertical (α = 90°) beddings, respectively. For α = 0°, oblique shear cracks were first initiated accompanied by several transverse cracks along the bedding surfaces, while for α = 90°, several tensile cracks were first initiated and separated the samples into strip-shaped blocks. A large impact velocity enhanced the spalling and crushing degree of samples. The various cracking mechanisms resulted in a larger dynamic peak strength and elastic modulus for α = 0° over that for α = 90°. By introducing the Riedel-Hiermaier-Thoma (RHT) constitutive model, numerical simulation using LS-DYNA procedure in ANSYS was conducted on bedded samples regarding various impact velocities. The numerical dynamic stress–strain paths showed a good agreement with the experimental results. Plastic strain fields of conjugate rhombic network structures for α = 0° and V-shaped structures for α = 90° could be identified. Failure modes of the samples were characterized by transverse cracks and oblique shear cracks for α = 0° and plate failure structures for α = 90°, and a larger impact velocity led to lots of small rock blocks and particle collapse. Percentage of failed element volume to total sample volume experienced a variation process of “almost equal to 0 → significant increase → reduction in increase rate → approximately stable.” The percentage at stable values presented an exponential increase against the impact velocity, by a factor of 1.75 and 5.64 for α = 0° and 90°. The damage degree of samples with vertical beddings was more significant, and the failed elements were more sensitive in response to the impact velocity.

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Data availability

All data used during this study are available from the corresponding author by request.

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Funding

The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52174092, 51904290, 52074259, 52174090, 52074240), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK20220157), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (2022YCPY0202), Xuzhou Science and Technology Project, China (No. KC21033), and Engineering Research Center of Development and Management for Low to Ultra-Low Permeability Oil & Gas Reservoirs in West China, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Shiyou University (KFJJ-XB-2020-6) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Qian Yin, Qiang Zhu, Tianci Deng, Liyuan Yu, Ming Li, Hanxiang Liu & Hongwen Jing

  2. Engineering Research Center of Development and Management for Low to Ultra-Low Permeability Oil and Gas Reservoirs in West China, Ministry of Education, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an, 710065, China

    Qian Yin

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  1. Qian Yin
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  2. Qiang Zhu
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  3. Tianci Deng
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  4. Liyuan Yu
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  5. Ming Li
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  6. Hanxiang Liu
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  7. Hongwen Jing
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Contributions

Qian Yin, Qiang Zhu and Tianci Deng wrote the main manuscript. Liyuan Yu and Ming Li prepared the figures 1-8 Hanxiang Liu prepared the numerical simulation Hongwen Jing prepared the figures 9-14 All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hongwen Jing.

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Yin, Q., Zhu, Q., Deng, T. et al. Assessment on dynamic mechanical responses and failure behaviors of horizontal/vertical bedded sandstone. Environ Earth Sci 82, 27 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10688-z

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