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Hydraulic relationship between aquifer and pond under potential influence of eucalyptus and sugarcane in tropical region of São Paulo, Brazil

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Abstract

A hydraulic interaction between a pond and shallow aquifer in a watershed surrounded by cultivations of sugarcane and eucalyptus trees was evaluated in a tropical zone in Brazil. The pond, located in lower topographic levels, was prematurely interpreted as the local shallow unconfined aquifer's discharge area, suggesting the groundwater could flow toward the pond. However, water table gradients indicated opposite directions, bringing up questions about the eucalyptus root's potential to access groundwater, consequently lowering the water level and changing the groundwater flow directions. Physicochemical parameters, stable isotopes of δ18O and δ2H, major ions analysis were determined in samples of groundwater and pond water; geophysical surveys and groundwater level measurements were performed before and after the eucalyptus cutting. The results showed (1) the eucalyptus does not have a significant influence on the groundwater dynamic; (2) the pond behaves as a recharge, not a discharge area; and (3) previously considered as a local flow, the interaction between groundwater and pond is determined by an intermediate flow system, controlled by a near spring, independently of the seasonal variation and land uses.

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Fig. 1

modified from Google Earth). The photo-section A-A' also emphasizes the slope between plantation zones and pond

Fig. 2

modified from Google Earth)

Fig. 3

modified from Google Earth). At the bottom, graphs for the 2013 water balance: (1) water excess from January to March; (2) water deficit from April to September; (3) water replacement between October and December, a period of groundwater recharging

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Acknowledgements

The research was funded by the Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Process 2012/20124-3), CNPq/CAPES, and the Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences of Tsukuba University (Japan).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CEPAS|USP Groundwater Research Center, University of São Paulo - Rua Do Lago, 562, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, 05508-080, Brazil

    Rafael Terada, Ricardo Hirata, Fernando Saraiva & Mariana Luiz

  2. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Ibaraki, 2 Chome-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512, Japan

    Norio Tasse

  3. Department of Geology, Federal University of Minas Gerais - Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil

    Paulo Galvão

  4. Amazon Regional University Ikiam, Km 8 vía a, Muyuna, Tena, Ecuador

    Bruno Conicelli

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  1. Rafael Terada
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Correspondence to Rafael Terada.

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Terada, R., Hirata, R., Galvão, P. et al. Hydraulic relationship between aquifer and pond under potential influence of eucalyptus and sugarcane in tropical region of São Paulo, Brazil. Environ Earth Sci 81, 271 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10349-1

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