Abstract
The Jinsha River Bridge (Baiyu, China) site has obvious weathering characteristics, which affects the construction of the project. To establish the correlation between the chemical weathering coefficient and the rocks mechanical characteristic, the analysis of the chemical composition of surface water and rocks (metasandstone, slate and phyllite) in the study area was conducted, and the long-term strength of the rock by the creep test was obtained. It is determined that the main driver of the hydrochemical composition is the chemical weathering of silicate and carbonate rocks. By investigating the mobility of elements in water and rocks, seven major elements, namely, SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, K2O, and Na2O were used to obtain the rock chemical weathering discriminant based on the calculations performed with SPSS.22. Then the correlation between weathering coefficient and long-term strength was analyzed by regression analysis, and the results indicate that the higher the rock chemical weathering coefficient is, the higher the long-term strength it has. Moreover, a confining pressure of 20 MPa is observed to be the point at which rock chemical weathering affects the rock mass engineering characteristics, and this finding has a certain significance in terms of engineering guidance. In summary, this fitted discriminant coefficient is suitable for assessing rock chemical weathering of weakly to moderately weathered metamorphic rock in the study area and can effectively characterize and predict the rock weathering degree and mechanical properties in the study area, providing support to engineering design and construction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aldrich JO, Cunningham JB (2015) Using IBM SPSS statistics: an interactive hands-on approach. Sage Publications, Inc.
Chandler NA (2013) Quantifying long-term strength and rock damage properties from plots of shear strain versus volume strain. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 59:105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.12.006
Ciantia MO, Castellanza R, Crosta GB, Hueckel T (2015) Effects of mineral suspension and dissolution on strength and compressibility of soft carbonate rocks. Eng Geol 184:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.024
Cui Z, Shen Q, Leng XL, Yalina Ma (2019) Investigation of the long-term strength of Jinping marble rocks with experimental and numerical approaches. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78:877–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1132-2
Damjanac B, Fairhurst C (2010) Evidence for a long-term strength threshold in crystalline rock. Rock Mech Rock Eng 43:513–531. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-010-0090-9
Drever JI, Jürg Z (1992) Chemical weathering of silicate rocks as a function of elevation in the southern Swiss Alps. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 56:3209–3216. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90298-W
Fei W, Gao RB, Zou QL, Chen J, Liu W, Peng K (2020) Long-term strength determination and nonlinear creep damage constitutive model of salt rock based on multistage creep test: implications for underground natural gas storage in salt cavern. Energy Sci Eng 8:1–12
Holbrook WS, Marcon V, Bacon AR, Brantley SL, Carr BJ, Flinchum BA, Richter DD, Riebe CS (2019) Links between physical and chemical weathering inferred from a 65-m-deep borehole through Earth’s critical zone. Sci Rep 9:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40819-9
Huang SL, Feng XT, Zhou H, Zhang CQ (2010) Study of failure mechanics and triaxial compression creep experiments with water pressure coupled stress of brittle rock. Rock Soil Mech 1:3441–3446
Kaiser PK, Morgenstern NR (1979) Time-dependent deformation of jointed rock near failure. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(82)91366-3
Kravcov AN, Svoboda P, Pospíchal V, Morozov DV, Ivanov PN (2017) Assessment of long-term strength of rocks. Key engineering materials. Trans Tech Publication Ltd., pp 62–64
Lechuga-Crespo J-L, Sanchez-Pérez JM, Sauvage S, Hartmann J, Suchet PA, Probst J-L, Ruiz-Romera E (2020) A model for evaluating continental chemical weathering from riverine transports of dissolved major elements at a global scale. Glob Planet Change 192:103–226
Li RY, Wu LF (2004) Research on characteristic indexes of weathering intensity of rocks. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 23:3830–3833
Li Y, Zhu WS, Bai SW, Yang CH (2003) Uniaxial experimental study on rheological properties of granite in air-dried and saturated states. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 2:1673–1677
Lin QX (2016) Study on geochemical behavior and mechanical characteristic of black shale during weathering. Southwest Jiaotong University
Liu A, Tian GH, Zhang QZ, Lin WL, Jiang JC (2018) Shear relaxation characteristics of rock joints under stepwise loadings. CR Mec 346:1179–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crme.2018.09.001
Momeni A, Khanlari G, Heidari M, Sepahi A, Bazvand E (2015) New engineering geological weathering classifications for granitoid rocks. Eng Geol 185:43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.11.012
Nara Y, Takada M, Mori D, Owada H, Yoneda T, Kaneko K (2010) Subcritical crack growth and long-term strength in rock and cementitious material. Int J Fract 164:57–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-010-9455-z
Nara Y, Tanaka M, Harui T (2017) Evaluating long-term strength of rock under changing environments from air to water. Eng Fract Mech 178:201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.04.015
Nesbitt H, Young G, McLennan S, Keays R (1996) Effects of chemical weathering and sorting on the petrogenesis of siliciclastic sediments, with implications for provenance studies. J Geol 104:525–542. https://doi.org/10.1086/629850
Perri F (2020) Chemical weathering of crystalline rocks in contrasting climatic conditions using geochemical proxies: an overview. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 556:109873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109873
Scarciglia F, Critelli S, Borrelli L, Coniglio S, Muto F, Perri F (2016) Weathering profiles in granitoid rocks of the Sila Massif uplands, Calabria, southern Italy: new insights into their formation processes and rates. Sed Geol 336:46–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.01.015
Tsering T, Wahed MSA, Iftekhar S, Sillanpää M (2019) Major ion chemistry of the Teesta River in Sikkim Himalaya, India: chemical weathering and assessment of water quality. J Hydrol Reg Stud 24:100612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100612
Udagedara D, Oguchi C, Gunatilake A (2017) Combination of chemical indices and physical properties in the assessment of weathering grades of sillimanite-garnet gneiss in tropical environment. Bull Eng Geol Environ 76:145–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-016-0878-2
Vázquez M, Ramírez S, Morata D, Reich M, Braun J-J, Carretier S (2016) Regolith production and chemical weathering of granitic rocks in central Chile. Chem Geol 446:87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.09.023
Vieira LV, Rodrigues FH, Abel M (2020) Ontological analysis of weathering. In: Proceedings of the XIII seminar on ontology research in Brazil and IV Doctoral and Masters Consortium on Ontologies (ONTOBRAS 2020), Vitória, Brazil
Wang QS, Ma JL, Wang GJ (2017) Study on Ti isotope fractionation in rock reference material and chemical weathering process. Miner Rock Geochem Bull 36:483–489
Yin XL, Feng W, Wang RJ, Chai YM, Zhu J, Huo CY (2015) Research on hydrogeochemistry in northern plain of the Urumqi River Basin, Xinjiang. Acta Geosci Sin 36:77–84. https://doi.org/10.3975/cagsb.2015.01.09
Zhou XP, Huang XC, Berto F (2018) A three-dimensional long-term strength criterion of rocks based on micromechanical method. Theoret Appl Fract Mech 97:409–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2017.07.003
Funding
This research received no external funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization: YW and SZ; methodology: GW; software: YW; validation: SZ and GW; formal analysis: YW; investigation: SZ; resources: GW; data curation: YW; writing—original draft preparation: YW; writing—review and editing: SZ; visualization: YW; supervision: GW; project administration: GW; funding acquisition, GW. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Zhang, S. & Wu, G. Study on the correlation of metasandstone, slate and phyllite chemical weathering coefficient based on elements migration and long-term strength near the Jinsha River Bridge (Bai Yu, China) on the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. Environ Earth Sci 80, 429 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09727-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09727-y