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Effects of salinity and water content on apparent conductivity in an alluvial setting in the Canadian Prairies

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Abstract

Electromagnetic induction surveys are commonly used to assess soil salinity. In this study, a DualEM 1S instrument was used to survey an area in southern Manitoba to characterize sulphate-dominated salinity in clay-rich alluvial soils. The efficacy of predicting apparent conductivity (corrected for departure from low induction number responses) was determined by regression analysis of parameters including saturated-paste salinity, pore-water salinity, volumetric water content, porosity and combinations of these terms determined from 542 soil samples at 65 sampling sites. Predictors were depth-weighted using the V–H mode (exploration depth of 0.5 m) and the V–V mode (exploration depth of 1.5 m) of the electromagnetic instrument. The analysis yielded strong correlations of apparent conductivity (ECa) with saturated-paste or pore water conductivity, with Pearson r2 correlation coefficients exceeding 0.75 for the V–H mode and 0.86 for the V–V mode. The strong correlations of ECa with salinity are explained by moisture conditions being close to field capacity during the survey. These results are similar to those for chloride-dominated salinity. The study yielded less commonly observed results related to the clay-rich soils, including a threshold value of ~ 10% below which volumetric water content does not affect ECa, and an improved prediction of ECa by dividing the porosity data based on clay content. The study results demonstrate the efficacy of using ECa to parameterize sulphate-dominated salinity in clay-rich soils. They also show that salinity can be estimated relatively accurately from saturated paste conductivity at near-field capacity without considering moisture content.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to all those involved in the study, including Manitoba Infrastructure for providing the funding for the research, the agricultural producers within the study area who allowed this work to be conducted on their private lands, Manitoba Agriculture for providing the field equipment, Ped-Aqua Environmental Consulting for support during the field component of the study. Suggestions from anonymous reviewers led to significant improvement of the manuscript.

Funding

The Manitoba Government provided funding for this study, specifically, Manitoba Infrastructure–Water Management and Structures Division.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Jerrold W. Rentz

  2. Manitoba Infrastructure, Water Management and Structures Division, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Jerrold W. Rentz

  3. Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Ramanathan Sri Ranjan

  4. Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Ian J. Ferguson

  5. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada

    Hartmut M. Holländer

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  1. Jerrold W. Rentz
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Correspondence to Ramanathan Sri Ranjan.

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Rentz, J.W., Sri Ranjan, R., Ferguson, I.J. et al. Effects of salinity and water content on apparent conductivity in an alluvial setting in the Canadian Prairies. Environ Earth Sci 80, 93 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09368-1

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