Abstract
Soil contaminated by potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) may cause serious deteriorations to the environment and human health. With the aims of PTEs removal and resource reuse in solidification/stabilization technology, the soda residue was adopted as the adsorbent to mix with the soil in this study. The adsorption capacity of the mixture on Pb(II) was investigated by performing a series of adsorption tests with considerations of changes in soda residue content, pH value, initial Pb(II) concentration and temperature. While the adsorption mechanism was revealed by analyzing the adsorption isotherm models including Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich models. Results showed that, the higher pH value, soda residue content and initial Pb concentration will improve the adsorption capacity of soda residue on Pb ions. In contrast, the enhanced temperature will reduce the corresponding adsorption capacity. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model is much better than the Freundlich model at describing the adsorption behavior, indicating the monolayer adsorption with uniform distribution of active sites on the surface of mixture particle. The calculated maximum adsorption amount of the tested specimen is 34 mg/g, which is significantly higher than those of other clay materials, implying that soda residue has a notable potential for adsorption of Pb(II) at contaminated sites. Analysis using the Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption isotherm model shows that the adsorption mechanism is strongly controlled by the chemical effects. The strong sensibility of adsorption capacity to environmental condition indicates that other cementitious materials should be explored and mixed with highly-content soda residue to enhance the durability of solidified/stabilized PTEs contaminated soil.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Degs Y, Khraisheh MAM, Tutunji MF (2001) Sorption of lead ions on diatomite and manganese oxides modified diatomite. Water Res 35(15):3724–3728. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00071-9
Al-Qodah Z (2000) Adsorption of dyes using shale oil ash. Water Res 34(17):4295–4303. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00196-2
Amin NU, Ahmad T (2015) Contamination of soil with heavy metals from industrial effluent and their translocation in green vegetables of Peshawar, Pakistan. RSC Adv 5(19):14322–14329. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA14957B
Anna B, Kleopas M, Constantine S, Anestis F, Maria B (2015) Adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) onto natural bentonite: study in mono- and multi-metal systems. Environ Earth Sci 73(9):5435–5444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3798-0
ASTM D248700 (2000) Standard practice for classification of soils for engineering purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
ASTM D2216-10 (2010) Standard test methods for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock by mass, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
ASTM D4318-17e1 (2017) Standard test methods for liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index of soils, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,USA
ASTM D7263-09 (2018) Standard test methods for laboratory determination of density (unit weight) of soil specimens, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
ASTM F726-1999 (1999) Standard test methods for sorbent performance of absorbents, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
ASTM G187-2005 (2005) Standard test method for measurement of soil resistivity using the two-electrode soil box method, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA
Awadh SM, Abdulla FH (2017) Purification of aqueous solutions from Pb(II) by natural bentonite: an empirical study on chemical adsorption. Environ Earth Sci 76(11):386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-6725-3
Cerbo AAV, Ballesteros F, Chen TC, Lu MC (2017) Solidification/stabilization of fly ash from city refuse incinerator facility and heavy metal sludge with cement additives. Environ Sci Pollut R 24(2):1748–1756. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7943-z
Chen C, Wang JL (2010) Removal of heavy metal ions by waste biomass of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Environ Eng 136:95–102. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000128
Chen YG, Zhu CM, Sun YH, Duan HY, Ye WM, Wu DB (2012) Adsorption of La(III) onto GMZ bentonite: effect of contact time, bentonite content, pH value and ionic strength. Radioanal Nucl Chem 292(3):1339–1347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-012-1612-6
Chen YG, Sun Z, Ye WM, Cui YJ (2017) Adsorptive removal of Eu(III) from simulated groundwater by GMZ bentonite on the repository conditions. Radioanal Nucl Chem 311:1839–1847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-017-5173-6
Cocke DL (1990) The binding chemistry and leaching mechanisms of hazardous substances in cementitious solidification/stabilization systems. Hazard Mater 24(2):231–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(90)87013-8
Curtis J, Narayanan R (1998) Effects of laboratory procedures on soil electrical property measurements. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 47:1474–1480. https://doi.org/10.1109/19.746715
Dong XQ, Huang XE, Bai XH, Lv YK (2011) Experimental study on the unconfined compression strength of cemented soil contaminated by municipal sewage. Appl Mech Mater 121–126:2754–2758. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.121-126.2754
Du YJ, Wei ML, Reddy KR, Jin F, Wu HL, Liu ZB (2014) New phosphate-based binder for stabilization of soils contaminated with heavy metals: leaching, strength and microstructure characterization. Environ Manag 146:179–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.07.035
Du YJ, Wei ML, Reddy KR, Wu HL (2016) Effect of carbonation on leachability, strength and microstructural characteristics of KMP binder stabilized Zn and Pb contaminated soils. Chemosphere 144:1033–1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.082
Feng SJ, Bai ZB, Cao BY, Lu SF, Ai SG (2017) The use of electrical resistivity tomography and borehole to characterize leachate distribution in Laogang landfill, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 24:20811–20817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9853-0
Ghrab S, Boujelbene N, Medhioub M et al (2014) Chromium and nickel removal from industrial wastewater using Tunisian clay. Desalin Water Treat 52(10–12):2253–2260. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.805165
He Y, Chen YG, Ye WM (2016) Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of adsorption of Sr(II) from aqueous solution onto GMZ bentonite. Environ Earth Sci 75:807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5637-y
Heidarzadeh N, Jebeli MT, Taslimi T (2017) Cement-based solidification/stabilization of phenol-contaminated soil by bentonite and organophilic clay. Bioremediat J 28(1):87–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.21545
Hills CD, Sollars CJ, Perry R (1994) A calorimetric and microstructural study of solidified toxic wastes. Part 2: a model for poisoning of OPC hydration. Waste Manag 14(7):601–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-053X(94)90032-9
Janusa MA, Heard GE, Bourgeois JC, Kliebert NM, Landry AA (1998) Effects of curing temperature on the leachability of lead undergoing solidification/stabilization with cement. Microchem J 60:193–197. https://doi.org/10.1006/mchj.1998.1654
Jin F, Wang F, Al-Tabbaa A (2016) Three-year performance of in-situ solidified/stabilised soil using novel MgO-bearing binders. Chemosphere 144:681–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.046
Jing CY, Meng XG, Korfiatis GP (2004) Lead leachability in stabilized/solidified soil samples evaluated with different leaching tests. Hazard Mater 114:101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.07.017
Jiang MQ, Jin XY, Lu XQ, Chen ZL (2010) Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) onto natural kaolinite clay. Desalination 252:33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.11.005
Kaludjerovic-Radoicic T, Raicevic S (2010) Aqueous Pb sorption by synthetic and natural apatite: kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic studies. Chem Eng J 160:503–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.03.061
Kim D, Quinlan M, Yen TF (2009) Encapsulation of lead from hazardous CRT glass wastes using biopolymer cross-linked concrete systems. Waste Manag 29:321–328
Kumar PA, Ray M, Chakraborty S (2009) Adsorption behaviour of trivalent chromium on amine-based polymer aniline formaldehyde condensate. Chem Eng J 149:340–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.11.030
Komarneni S, Breval E, Roy DM, Roy R (1988) Reactions of some calcium silicates with metal cations. Cement Concrete Res 18(2):204–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(88)90005-1
Khalid S, Shahid M, Dumat C et al (2017) Influence of groundwater and wastewater irrigation on lead accumulation in soil and vegetables: implications for health risk assessment and phytoremediation. Int J Phytoremediat 19(11):1037–1046. https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2017.1319330
Lin CK, Chen JN, Lin CC (1996) An NMR and XRD study of solidification/stabilization of chromium with Portland cement and β-C2S. Hazard Mater 48:137–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3894(95)00154-9
Li BJ, Li GZ (2011) Study on mechanical properties of soda residue/fly ash composite cementitious material. Adv Mater Res 194–196:1026–1029
Li JS, Poon CS (2017) Innovative solidification/stabilization of lead contaminated soil using incineration sewage sludge ash. Chemosphere 173:143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.065
Li YY, Yan SW, Zhang JY, Yin XT (1999) Engineering properties and microstructural features of the soda residue. Chin J Geotech Eng 21(1):100–103. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-4548.1999.01.021(in Chinese)
Li XD, Poon CS, Sun H, Lo IMC, Kirk DW (2001) Heavy metal speciation and leaching behaviors in cement based solidified/stabilized waste materials. Hazard Mater 82:215–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3894(00)00360-5
Li JS, Xue Q, Wang P, Li ZZ, Liu L (2014) Effect of drying–wetting cycles on leaching behavior of cement solidified lead-contaminated soil. Chemosphere 117:10–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.045
Mohammad KU (2017) A review on the adsorption of heavy metals by clay minerals, with special focus on the past decade. Chem Eng J 308: 438–462
Napia C, Sinsiri T, Jaturapitakkul C, Chindaprasirt P (2012) Leaching of heavy metals from solidified waste using Portland cement and zeolite as a binder. Waste Manag Res 32(7):1459–1467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.02.011
Onyango MS, Kojima Y, Aoyi O, Bernardo EC, Matsuda H (2004) Adsorption equilibrium modeling and solution chemistry dependence of fluoride removal from water by trivalent-cation-exchanged zeolite F-9. Colloid Interface Sci 279(2):341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.06.038
Qiao XC, Poon CS, Cheeseman CR (2007) Investigation into the stabilization/solidification performance of Portland cement through cement clinker phases. Hazard Mater 139:238–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.06.009
Sarl A, Tuzen M, Soylak M (2007) Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cr(III) from aqueous solution on Celtek clay. J Hazard Mater 144:41–46
Sen TK, Gomez D (2011) Adsorption of zinc (Zn2+) from aqueous solution on natural bentonite. Desalination 267(2):286–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.09.041
Sener S (2008) Use of solid wastes of the soda ash plant as an adsorbent for the removal of anionic dyes: equilibrium and kinetic studies. Chem Eng J 138(1–3):207–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.06.035
Shinzato MC, Montanheiro TJ, Janasi VA, Andrade S, Yamamoto JK (2012) Removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using two Brazilian rocks containing zeolites. Environ Earth Sci 66(1):363–370. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1245-z
Tang CS, Wang DY, Zhu C, Zhou QY, Xu SK, Shi B (2017) Characterizing drying-induced clayey soil desiccation cracking process using electrical resistivity method. Appl Clay Sci 152:101–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.11.001
Wang XK, Rabung T, Geckeis H (2003) Effect of pH and humic acid on the adsorption of cesium onto g-Al2O3. Radioanal Nucl Chem 258(1):83–87. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026206108828
Wang DF, Daeik K, Shin CH, Zhao YF et al (2018) Removal of lead(II) from aqueous stream by hydrophilic modified kapok fiber using the Fenton reaction. Environ Earth Sci 77:653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7824-5
Weng CH (2004) Modeling Pb(II) adsorption onto sandy loam soil. Colloid Interface Sci 272:262–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2003.11.051
Xiyili H, Cetintas S, Bingol D (2017) Removal of some heavy metals onto mechanically activated fly ash: modeling approach for optimization, isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics. Process Saf Environ 109:288–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.04.012
Yan JH, Zhang CH, Cui SP, Rong GH, Yang RH, Zhou P (2014a) Preparation of core-shell structured ceramsite containing soda residue and its chloride ion release behavior. Key Eng Mater 599:328–333. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.599.328
Yan YB, Sun XY, Ma FB, Li JS, Shen JY, Han WQ, Liu XD, Wang LJ (2014b) Removal of phosphate from wastewater using alkaline residue. J Environ Sci 26:970–980
Yan YB, Sun XY, Ma FB, Li JS, Shen JY, Han WQ, Liu XD, Wang LJ (2014c) Removal of phosphate from etching wastewater by calcined alkaline residue: batch and column studies. J Taiwan Inst Chem E 45:1709–1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2013.12.023
Yan YB, Chen C, Li Q, Sun XY, Wang LJ (2015) Arsenate removal from groundwater by modified alkaline residue. Desalin Water Treat 57:20401–20410. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1107755
Yu C, Liu J, Ma J, Yu X (2018) Study on transport and transformation of contaminant through layered soil with large deformation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25(13):12764–12779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1325-7
Zha FS, Pan DD, Xu L, Kang B et al (2018) Investigations on engineering properties of solidified/stabilized pb-contaminated soil based on alkaline residue. Adv Civ Eng 8595419:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8595419
Zhang P, Wang L (2010) Extended Langmuir equation for correlating multilayer adsorption equilibrium data. Sep Purif Technol 70(3):367–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2009.10.007
Zhang GC, Li X, Li YJ, Wu T, Sun DJ, Lu FJ (2011) Removal of anionic dyes from aqueous solution by leaching solutions of white mud. Desalination 274(1–3):255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.02.016
Zhu MX, Lee L, Wang HH, Wang Z (2007) Removal of an anionic dye by adsorption/precipitation processes using alkaline white mud. Hazard Mater 149:735–741. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.04.037
Acknowledgements
The authors express gratitude to the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Projects No. 41807239, 41877262, 41672306, 41372281), the Special Project for Major Science and Technology in Anhui Province, China (Project No. 18030801103) and the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (Project No. 2019YFC1509903).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zha, F., Wang, H., Xu, L. et al. Initial feasibility study in adsorption capacity and mechanism of soda residue on lead (II)-contaminated soil in solidification/stabilization technology. Environ Earth Sci 79, 230 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-08990-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-020-08990-9