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Geochemical and environmental health threat evaluation of heavy metals in groundwater of Asad Abad, Hamedan, Iran

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Abstract

Geochemical, heavy metals (HMs) distribution, and environmental health treat due to cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) had been studied within the groundwater of Asad Abad, Hamedan, Iran. The order and average percentage (meq l−1) of cations and anions has been: Ca2+ (49.3) > Mg2+ (32.3) > Na+ (17.9) > K+ (0.5) and \({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }\) (62.7) > Cl− (28.0) > > SO42− (6.2) > \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\) (3.1). The principal water types were: Ca-HCO3, Mg-HCO3, and Na-HCO3. In contrast to the background concentration (3.4 mg l−1) and threshold (13 mg l−1) of \({\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }\), 45 and 40 percentage of water samples confirmed higher concentrations, respectively. The mean concentration (μg l−1) of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn has been 117.2, 29.3, 136.0, 91.9, 48.4 and 5.8, respectively, and as a consequence, the order of HMs was Fe > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cu > Zn. Heavy metals which include Cd, Pb and Ni (37%) of water samples exceeded permissible levels, while Cu, Fe (96.5%) and Zn had been observed to be inside permissible limits. Contamination factor calculated for all HMs confirmed that contamination in water samples varies mostly from low to mild contamination. Based on sum of the percentage of each HM in class 2, 3 and 4 (moderate, considerable and very high degree of contamination, respectively), the contribution of every HM in contamination degree turned into calculate and the order was: Pb (100%) > Zn (93%) > Cu (71%) > Fe (64%) > Cd (53%) > Ni (43%). The outcomes indicated that Cd posed a capability non-carcinogenic health risk to consumers in all sampling sites.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

    Mohsen Jalali & Mahdi Jalali

  2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran

    Masoumeh Ghanbari

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  1. Mohsen Jalali
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  2. Masoumeh Ghanbari
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  3. Mahdi Jalali
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Correspondence to Mohsen Jalali.

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Jalali, M., Ghanbari, M. & Jalali, M. Geochemical and environmental health threat evaluation of heavy metals in groundwater of Asad Abad, Hamedan, Iran. Environ Earth Sci 78, 699 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8704-3

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