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Application of the GALDIT method combined with geostatistics at the Bouteldja aquifer (Algeria)

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Abstract

This paper aims to spatially characterize the marine intrusion in the case of the Bouteldja main aquifer using the GALDIT method coupled with a geostatistical approach. The latter was used to compensate the weakness of GALDIT method for not considering the spatial variability of the studied variables. Using a field data set of the Bouteldja aquifer, the semi-variograms of four continuous important variables (hydraulic conductivity A, groundwater level L, thickness T and sea water intrusion I) were studied and modeled. The obtained structures were mainly composed of spherical models with a small nugget effect, except the I variable which has shown a perfectly continuous Gaussian model with zero nugget effect, arguing that the marine intrusion is seriously present and continuous. These individual results were also mapped by kriging and the intrusion easily shown on the field. However, the GALDIT computation and mapping did not confirm the found intrusion. It has merely shown a medium to low vulnerability in narrow and parallel bands close to the shore area. This work has shown that the GALDIT method used solely, without a geostatistical approach, would lead to a misinterpretation of the vulnerability of a main aquifer to saline intrusion.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Professor Abdelkrim Khaldi of the Laboratory of Rheology, Transport and Treatment of Complex Fluids (Department of Hydraulics, USTO-MB, Oran) for his valuable advice. Also thanks are due to the director of the National Agency of Hydraulic Resources (ANRH) of Annaba.

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Author notes

  1. Ahcene Benamghar: Invited co-authorship.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Génie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l’Hydraulique (High National School of Hydraulic), Blida, Algeria

    Dahbia Djoudar Hallal, Mohamed El Amine Khelfi, Sadek Zahouani, Ouissam Haddad & Abdelhadi Ammari

  2. Laboratoire de Travaux Publics, Ingénierie, Transport et Environnement, Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics (ENSTP), 01, Rue Garidi, Vieux Kouba, Algiers, Algeria

    Ahcene Benamghar

  3. Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700-066, Lisbon, Portugal

    Joao Paulo Lobo-Ferreira

Authors
  1. Dahbia Djoudar Hallal
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  2. Mohamed El Amine Khelfi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dahbia Djoudar Hallal.

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This article is part of a Topical Collection in Environmental Earth Sciences on Groundwater resources in a changing environment, guest edited by Okke Batelaan, Fabien Magri, and Martin Sauter.

Annex 1

Annex 1

Hydrodynamic characteristics of the drilling inventoried in the sand ridge of Bouteldja (Haddad 2017).

Drillings

X (m)

Y (m)

Depths of the body of water/sea level (m)

Thickness (m)

Conductivity (m/j)

Cl−/(HCO3− + CO3−)

p 19

983,800

414,100

10

120.02

1.56

1.2

b 01

981,100

410,800

40

161.4

0.03

0.43

b 03

980,950

406,820

6.52

145.4

1.81

10.41

b 04

980,100

406,000

6

108.05

0.84

0.12

b 05

983,600

406,250

10.75

126.33

0.72

0.43

b 06

986,100

411,800

7

217.55

0.41

0.19

b 07

983,800

410,300

0.54

139.4

1.56

0.16

b 08

988,850

409,650

1.5

157.92

0.76

1.06

b 09

989,400

408,550

13.56

170.48

1.42

1.7

b 10

984,350

407,900

6.55

145.02

6.26

1.38

b 11

989,500

407,250

8.62

145.15

0.86

0.29

b 12

988,600

406,600

16.57

85.82

3.11

0.29

b 13

992,000

406,600

6.98

172.05

0.51

0.21

b 14

985,000

406,950

7

132.18

0.68

0.97

b 15

971,850

406,350

13

189.1

1.30

0.4

b 17

985,300

407,400

8

151.19

1.64

0.25

b 18

975,800

405,700

1

111.36

1.12

0.3

b 19

976,050

409,450

3

151

0.95

0.4

b 20

978,350

406,800

7.43

160.52

1.04

0.16

6902

993,200

407,800

1.85

174.92

0.86

0.47

6906

987,100

409,450

7.87

119.87

13.96

0.16

6907

985,900

410,200

25

173.8

1.81

0.13

6909

985,600

408,950

6.25

140.19

3.28

0.25

6910

988,300

408,950

0.96

164.34

2.42

0.19

6911

986,400

412,500

8

116.18

2.68

0.31

6912

990,000

409,000

18

157.18

2.68

0.3

6917

990,400

407,300

4.96

98.5

8.64

0.5

6918

991,500

405,950

30

151.52

6.32

1.2

6919

991,650

409,000

13.71

136.43

3.36

1.21

6920

993,600

406,500

14.58

101.46

0.84

0.4

6921

984,780

411,690

9.46

149.25

3.46

0.52

6925

994,950

406,950

19.33

86.98

30.24

0.6

a 5

978,850

406,850

27

163.87

1.30

0.4

s 3

984,500

403,800

35

105

1.30

1.3

565

988,050

405,800

7

109.16

1.12

0.18

6923

995,100

405,950

8

104.61

9.42

0.29

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Djoudar Hallal, D., Khelfi, M.E.A., Zahouani, S. et al. Application of the GALDIT method combined with geostatistics at the Bouteldja aquifer (Algeria). Environ Earth Sci 78, 22 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-8005-2

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