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Impact of drilling mud on chemistry and microbiology of an Upper Triassic groundwater after drilling and testing an exploration well for aquifer thermal energy storage in Berlin (Germany)

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Abstract

After completion of an exploration well, sandstones of the Exter Formation were hydraulically tested to determine the hydraulic properties and to evaluate chemical and microbial processes caused by drilling and water production. The aim was to determine the suitability of the formation as a reservoir for aquifer thermal energy storage. The tests revealed a hydraulic conductivity of 1–2 E-5 m/s of the reservoir, resulting in a productivity index of 0.6–1 m3/h/bar. A hydraulic connection of the Exter Formation to the overlaying, artesian “Rupelbasissand” cannot be excluded. Water samples were collected for chemical and microbiological analyses. The water was similarly composed as sea water with a maximum salinity of 24.9 g/L, dominated by NaCl (15.6 g/L Cl and 7.8 g/L Na). Until the end of the tests, the water was affected by drilling mud as indicated by the high pH (8.9) and high bicarbonate concentration (359 mg/L) that both resulted from the impact of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) additives. The high amount of dissolved organic matter (> 58 mg/L) and its molecular-weight distribution pattern indicated that residues of cellulose, an ingredient of the drilling mud, were still present at the end of the tests. Clear evidence of this contamination gave the measured uranine that was added as a tracer into the drilling mud. During fluid production, the microbial community structure and abundance changed and correlated with the content of drilling mud. Eight taxa of sulfate-reducing bacteria, key organisms in processes like bio-corrosion and bio-clogging, were identified. It can be assumed that their activity will be affected during usage of the reservoir.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Iris Pieper of the “Geochemisches Gemeinschaftslabor” at the Technical University of Berlin for inorganic ion analysis and Sarah Zeilfelder for assistance during sampling. Kristin Günther and Georg Schettler from GFZ are acknowledged for the analysis of organic components and grain-size distribution of cuttings, respectively. A special thanks goes to Fabian Horn (GFZ) for helping to process the DNA sequence data. The research was funded by the German Ministry of Energy and Economics (BMWi) within the research and demonstration project “Efficiency and safety of energy systems with seasonal energy storage in aquifers for urban quarters”.

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  1. Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Simona Regenspurg, Mashal Alawi, Guido Blöcher, Maria Börger, Stefan Kranz, Ben Norden, Ali Saadat & Andrea Vieth-Hillebrand

  2. Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany

    Traugott Scheytt & Lioba Virchow

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  1. Simona Regenspurg
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Regenspurg, S., Alawi, M., Blöcher, G. et al. Impact of drilling mud on chemistry and microbiology of an Upper Triassic groundwater after drilling and testing an exploration well for aquifer thermal energy storage in Berlin (Germany). Environ Earth Sci 77, 516 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7696-8

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