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An attempt to understand the behavior of dissolved organic carbon in coastal aquifers of Pondicherry region, South India

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Abstract

Groundwaters of the coastal region are significant and serve as a fragile ecosystem in the sedimentary terrain. The Pondicherry region is characterized by different geological formations of distinct geological epochs Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary. Ninety-three samples were collected from specific aquifers with respect to spatial distribution [Alluvium (31), Upper Cuddalore (13), Lower Cuddalore (13), Other Tertiary (7), Cretaceous (24) and Mixed—multiple completion aquifer (5)]. The collected samples were analyzed for major ions Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3 −, Cl−, PO4 2−, SO4 2−, F and DOC. Stables isotopes of δ18O, δD and δ 13C were also analyzed along with heavy metals like Al, Ba, Fe, Sr, Cd and Zn. The δ18O ranges between −6.85 and −2.15 ‰, and δD ranges between −43.94 and −19.41 ‰. The distribution of these environmental isotopes in groundwater of this layered aquifer sequence was also attempted. A comparison of the isotopic data with the rainfall, Local Meteoric Water Line with a equation of δD = 7.398 * δ18O + 5.067, Indian Meteoric Water Line and Global Meteoric Water Line was performed. The δ13C values for groundwater ranges from −5.3 to −18.1 ‰. The result indicates that the groundwater in the study area is mainly meteoric in origin, and few samples show evidence of evaporation. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a very important component in biogeochemical cycling of elements characterized by high susceptibility to leaching. The range of the DOC in the study area is 0–16 mg/L. Factor analysis was applied to classify the groundwater samples and to identify geochemical processes controlling groundwater geochemistry. The Alluvium aquifers show a complex hydrogeochemistry than the older aquifers. The major factor influencing the hydrogeochemistry of the region is rock–water interaction and anthropogenic processes. Hence, metal mobility of the groundwater shows the correlation of metal bonding and DOC. The relation between the DOC and heavy metal concentration in the aquifers was also identified.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express thanks to Ministry of Water Resources (MOWR) (No. 29/INCGW-03/2010-R&D/3052-3062) for providing necessary financial support to carry out this study, and author R.T wishes to express thanks to DST for providing the Inspire fellowship (DST/INSPIRE Fellowship/2010/[220] 18 March, 2011).

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  1. K. Tirumalesh

    Present address: Indo-US Fellow, US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India

    R. Thilagavathi, S. Chidambaram & C. Thivya

  2. Department of Agriculture, State Groundwater Unit and Soil Conservation, Pondicherry, India

    S. Pethaperumal

  3. NIH, Roorkee, India

    M. S. Rao

  4. Isotope Hydrology Section, Isotope Production and Applications Division, BARC, Mumbai, India

    K. Tirumalesh

  5. Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

    M. V. Prasanna

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  1. R. Thilagavathi
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Thilagavathi, R., Chidambaram, S., Pethaperumal, S. et al. An attempt to understand the behavior of dissolved organic carbon in coastal aquifers of Pondicherry region, South India. Environ Earth Sci 75, 235 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4833-5

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