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Distribution and speciation of phosphorus in sediments of Dongping Lake, North China

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Abstract

Dongping Lake is an important regulator for the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, and the water quality assurance of it is of great importance. To investigate the distribution characteristics and burial process of phosphorus (P) in Dongping Lake as well as their relationship with regional economic development and human activities, 33 spatially distributed surface sediment samples and one lake sediment core were extracted from Dongping Lake. A harmonized procedure for the P forms in freshwater sediments developed by the European Programme, Standards, Measurements, and Testing was used in this paper. The results show that NaOH–P (P bound to Al, Fe, Mn oxides or hydroxides), HCl–P (Ca-bound P), inorganic phosphorus (IP), organic phosphorus (OP), and total phosphorus (TP) in the surface sediments show a strong spatial variability. The highest NaOH–P and OP concentrations were observed in the eastern and south-eastern region of the lake and decreased gradually away from the mouth area of Dawen River. We deduced that anthropogenic input via the Dawen River is the main contributor. The higher concentration of HCl–P occurred in the north-west region of the lake and increased in a gradient away from the mouth area of Dawen River, and this pattern of distribution could be related to grain-size effects and higher transport energies close to riverine inlets. Pollution reflected by phosphorus in the core sediments of Dongping Lake is well consistent with the economic development history of Dongping County. From the beginning of the 20th century to the middle 1970s, the concentrations of each P speciation did not vary largely and runoff of the Yellow River mainly contributed to the P accumulation in the sediment, which might reflect the background values of them in the lake in pre-industrial period. The stable Mz (mean grain size), low loss-on-ignition (LOI), and high sedimentary flux also support this. The rapid increase of NaOH–P and OP at 10–0 cm (especially 5–0 cm) indicates the enhancing anthropogenic eutrophication since the middle 1970s. The LOI peak period and a coarsening of particle size also support this interpretation. However, the decreasing of TP and HCl–P was attributed to the change in sediment supply. As due to construction of dams around the lake, runoff of the Dawen River mainly contributed to the P accumulation in the sediment during this period.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41072258, 40772209 and 41071006), Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. SKLLQG1219) and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection (Grant No. STKF2012001). The authors are very grateful to Profs. Xiangdong Yang, Yanhong Wu, Enlou Zhang, Hongxi Pan and Dr. Rong Wang at Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology for their assistance during field sampling. Our gratitude is also extended to Profs. Weilan Xia, Enfeng Liu, Yuxin Zhu and Dr. Haijian Bing for their experimental analysis, to Dr. Feng Qiu and Zhaohui Xue for their assistance with the diagrams. Shiyong Yu would like to thank the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province for supporting his research. The authors also would like to thank the anonymous reviewers aided in the development and improvement of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. City and Environment College of Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China

    Shiyue Chen

  2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection of Linyi University, Linyi, 276005, China

    Shiyue Chen

  3. Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development of Ministry of Education, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Yingying Chen & Zhenke Zhang

  4. Institute for Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China

    Shiyong Yu

  5. School of Environment and Planning of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China

    Liwei Yang & Min Yao

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  1. Yingying Chen
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Correspondence to Shiyue Chen.

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Chen, Y., Chen, S., Yu, S. et al. Distribution and speciation of phosphorus in sediments of Dongping Lake, North China. Environ Earth Sci 72, 3173–3182 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3223-8

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