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Tracking sources of groundwater nitrate contamination using nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes at Beijing area, China

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Abstract

The identification of sources and behavior of contaminants is important to control and manage groundwater quality of aquifer systems in urban areas. In this study, hydrogeochemistry of major constituents and stable isotope ratios of nitrate in groundwater were determined to identify contamination sources and transformation processes occurring in soils and deeper groundwater of Beijing with intense human activities. The nitrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of nitrate in pore water extracts from groundwater samples indicate at least three potential sources of nitrate in groundwaters at Beijing. Stable isotope analyses from this study site, which has atmospheric, chemical fertilizer and human waste nitrate sources, provide a tool to distinguish nitrate sources in a confined aquifer where concentrations alone do not. These data indicate that the most common sources of high nitrate concentrations in groundwater at Beijing are wastewater and denitrification process occurred specially in the Central area. NO3–N and cation and anion concentrations (Ca2+, Mg2+ Cl− and SO 24 ) showed strong correlations indicating that they originated from the same sources. This study demonstrates that a thorough evaluation of hydrodynamic and hydrochemical parameters with dual isotopes of NO3 − constitutes an effective approach for identifying sources and transformation processes of NO3 − in deeper groundwater systems.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the 863 Program (2007AA06A410) of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology and the studies of safety evaluation and pollution prevention technology and demonstration for groundwater resources in Beijing (D07050601510000) and supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2652013033).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China

    Liu Mingzhu, Alfa-Sika Mande Seyf-Laye & Chen Honghan

  2. Water Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Lome, BP 1515, Lome, Togo

    Alfa-Sika Mande Seyf-Laye, Tchakala Ibrahim & Djaneye-Boundjou Gbandi

  3. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Kara, BP 404, Kara, Togo

    Alfa-Sika Mande Seyf-Laye

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  1. Liu Mingzhu
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  2. Alfa-Sika Mande Seyf-Laye
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  3. Tchakala Ibrahim
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  4. Djaneye-Boundjou Gbandi
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  5. Chen Honghan
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Correspondence to Liu Mingzhu.

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Mingzhu, L., Seyf-Laye, AS.M., Ibrahim, T. et al. Tracking sources of groundwater nitrate contamination using nitrogen and oxygen stable isotopes at Beijing area, China. Environ Earth Sci 72, 707–715 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2994-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2994-7

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