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Distributions of total, inorganic and organic phosphorus in surface and recent sediments of the sub-tropical and semi-pristine Guaratuba Bay estuary, SE Brazil

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Abstract

This study addresses the distribution of total phosphorus (TP) and its inorganic (IP) and organic (OP) fractions, grain-size and organic matter of surface and recent sediments, coupled to the behavior of total and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (TP and DIP) of the water column, of the semi-pristine Guaratuba Bay estuary, SE Brazil. Surface sediment samples were taken at 43 sites spread along the estuarine gradient and recent sediments from 3 short (35 cm long) cores from the upper, central and lower portions of the estuary, respectively. Highest TP and IP concentrations of surface sediments were detected within the upper sector and the transition zone between the upper and central sectors, all characterized by fine sediments, low salinities and water depths. In contrast, the lower sector and its narrow and deep tidal channel, subject to more intense tidal forcing, exhibited a higher fraction of sandy sediments with lower TP, IP and OP contents. In spite of the spatial variability in sediment grain size, IP corresponded to the major fraction of TP in all estuarine sectors and both TP and IP correlated significantly with the fine sedimentary (silt + clay) grain-size fraction. The fine surface sediments acted as a trap for IP at the fresh water–low salinity interface, which also corresponded to the region of a DIP sink in surface waters. In general, the short sediment cores showed that TP and IP contents increased from 15 cm depths to the top layer. Published sedimentation rates from additional cores taken at the sites of the short cores of this study, implied that depositional alterations of TP and IP increased during the early 1970s, which corresponded to the onset of anthropogenic disturbances from crop plantations in the lowland plains of the river end-member and urbanization at the estuary’s mouth and along the adjacent coast.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank all the technicians and students involved in the acquisition of samples and laboratory assistance. L.C. Cotovicz Junior is a Ph.D. Scholar of CNPq and N. Brandini a Post-Doc from CAPES. B. Knoppers is a Senior Researcher from CNPq. Funding was obtained from CNPq. We thank the Centro de Estudos do Mar (CEM-UFPR) for all the support in the sampling campaigns. We are highly grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their time consuming input and valuable remarks.

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  1. Departamento de Geoquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Outeiro de São João Batista, CEP 24.020-141, s/no, Niterói, RJ, Brazil

    Luiz Carlos Cotovicz Junior, Nilva Brandini & Bastiaan Adriaan Knoppers

  2. Centro de Estudos do Mar (CEM), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Avenida Beira-Mar, s/no Pontal do Sul, Curitiba, PR, Brazil

    Eunice da Costa Machado & Rafaela Cristine Zem

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Cotovicz Junior, L.C., Machado, E.d., Brandini, N. et al. Distributions of total, inorganic and organic phosphorus in surface and recent sediments of the sub-tropical and semi-pristine Guaratuba Bay estuary, SE Brazil. Environ Earth Sci 72, 373–386 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2958-y

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