Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants caused by different land uses and a spatial overlay analysis with spatial distribution of industrial cluster: a case study of the Lake Sihwa watershed

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To characterize a runoff pattern of non-point pollutants in relation with different land uses in a watershed, a monitoring activity and field measurements were carried out and data points were recorded during the rainfall events for 2 years. The study area includes industrial, urban, and rural sectors, which can represent a model case for the runoff study. Each sector was monitored with methodology and parameters including partial event mean concentration, first flush effect, mass first flush ratios, and correlation analysis. The Banwol Industrial Outfall No. 4 (4TG), an industrial area, showed a strong first flush effect, indicating that pollutants such as suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, were discharged at the early stage of a storm. An MFF30 analysis of the runoff revealed a mean pollutant load was over 50 %. In the Ansan Stream, an urban area, a strong first flush effect did not appear; however, the concentrations of pollutants reached a peak some time later during a storm event. Then, the concentrations of pollutants quickly reduced. On the other hand, Jangjunbo and Munsan Stream, rural areas, did not exhibit the first flush effects, and when considering the value of MFF30, 30 % or fewer pollutants on average were discharged at the initial stage of a storm. This means most of pollutants were streamed out at the later time of a storm event. The monitoring results found that the runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants in industrial, urban, and rural areas were distinctly different and site-specific. Therefore, each watershed management plan should be prepared to meet its own characteristics. Also, this kind of data can be an important base in designing and sizing a regional wastewater treatment facility to treat pollutants from a contaminated watershed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

References

  • Aitkenhead-Peterson JA, Steele MK, Nahar N, Santhy K (2009) Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in urban and rural watersheds of south-central Texas: land use and land management influences. J Environ Earth Sci 96:119–129

    Google Scholar 

  • APHA (American Public Health Association), AWWA (American Water Works Association), WEF (Water Environment Federation) (1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater 20th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington

  • Bedient PB, Lambert JL, Springer NK (1980) Stormwater pollution load-runoff relationship. J Water Pollut Control Fed 52(9):2396–2404

    Google Scholar 

  • Deletic A (1998) The first flush load of urban surface runoff. Water Res 32(8):2462–2470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elci S, Selcuk P (2013) Effects of basin activities and land use on water quality trends in Tahtali Basin, Turkey. Environ Earth Sci 68:1591–1598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1994) Nonpoint sources pollution control program, report 841-F-94-005, USA

  • Gupta K, Saul AJ (1996) Specific relationships for the first flush load in combined sewer flows. Water Res 30(5):1244–1252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hesel D, Kim J, Gizzards T, Randall C, Hahn R (1979) Land use influences on metal in storm drainage. J Water Pollut Control Fed 51(4):709–717

    Google Scholar 

  • Ichiki A, Yamada K (1999) Study on characteristics of pollutant runoff into lake Biwa. Jpg Water Sci Technol 39(12):17–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim LH, Kayhanian M, Zoh KD, Stenstrom MK (2005) Modeling of highway stormwater runoff. Sci Total Environ 348:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim LH, Ko SO, Jeong SM, Yoon JY (2007) Characteristics of washed-off pollutants and dynamic EMCs in a parking lots and a bridges during a storm. Sci Total Environ 376:178–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JH, Bang KW (2000) Characterization of urban stormwater runoff. Water Res 34(6):1773–1780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee HD, Ahn JH, Bae CH, Kim WJ (2001) Estimation of the unit loading and total loading of nonpoint source in Paldang watershed by runoff loading during the rainfall. J Korean Soc Water Qual 17(3):313–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee JH, Bang KW, Ketchhum LH, Choe JS, Yu MJ (2002) First flush analysis of urban storm runoff. Sci Total Environ 293:163–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li LQ, Yin CQ, He QC, Kong LL (2007) First flush of storm runoff pollution from an urban catchment in China. J Environ Sci 19(3):295–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu G, Schwartz FW, Kim Y (2013) Complex baseflow in urban streams: an example from central Ohio USA. J Environ Earth Sci. doi:10.1007/s12665-013-2358-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo HB, Luo L, Huang G, Liu P, Li JX, Hu S, Wang FX, Xu R, Huang XX (2009) Total pollution effect of urban surface runoff. J Environ Sci 21(9):1186–1193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novotny V (1999) Integrating diffuse nonpoint pollution control and water body restoration into watershed management. J Am Water Resour Assoc 35(4):717–727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park H, Hyun IH, Park CH (1998) Needs and options of Korea for integrated water management. J Water Serv Res Technol-Aqua 47(2):57–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romshoo SA, Muslim M (2011) Geospatial modeling for assessing the nutrient load of a Himalayan lake. Environ Earth Sci 64:1269–1282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sansalone JJ, Buchberger SG (1997) Partitioning and first flush of metals in urban roadway stormwater. J Environ Eng 123(2):134–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stenstorm MK, Lau SL, Lee HH, Ma JS, Ha H, Khan S (2001) First flush stormwater runoff from highways. Proceedings of Environmental and Water Resources Institute’s world water & environmental resources congress, Orlando

  • Stenstrom MK, Kayhanian M (2005) First flush phenomenon characterization. Division of environmental analysis. California Department of Transportation, Sacramento

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang Z, Engel BA, Pijanowski BC (2005) Forecasting land use change and its environmental impact at a watershed scale. J Environ Manag 76:35–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tong S, Chen W (2002) Modeling the relationship between land use and surface water quality. J Environ Manag 66:377–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vorreiter L, Hickey C (1994) Incidence of the first flush phenomenon in catchment of the Sydney region. National Conference Publication Institution of Engineers, Australia, pp 359–364

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Hao FH, Cheng HG, Yang ST, Zhang X, Bu QS (2011) Estimating non-point source pollutant loads for the large-scale basin of the Yangtze river in China. Environ Earth Sci 63:1079–1092

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Korea Institute of Water and Environment, Korea Water Resources Corporation, 462-1 Jeomin-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-730, Korea

    Sea-Won Kim

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok-Si, Gangwon-do, Korea

    Joon-Seok Park

  3. Soni Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 3620 S. Vermont Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA

    Daeik Kim

  4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 446-701, Korea

    Jong-Min Oh

Authors
  1. Sea-Won Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Joon-Seok Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daeik Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jong-Min Oh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jong-Min Oh.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (XLSX 38 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kim, SW., Park, JS., Kim, D. et al. Runoff characteristics of non-point pollutants caused by different land uses and a spatial overlay analysis with spatial distribution of industrial cluster: a case study of the Lake Sihwa watershed. Environ Earth Sci 71, 483–496 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2933-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2933-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation