Abstract
Currently available vegetation-concrete is not satisfactory for application in alpine and cold areas. The loss rates of weight and resonance-frequency are both more than 50 % after 30 freeze–thaw cycles. In order to improve the frost resistance of vegetation-concrete, this study chose five kinds of admixtures and then performed single-mixed and orthogonal tests for comparison and optimization. The composition of the optimum scheme is fly ash (FA):silica fume (SF):air-dried pine needles of Pinus armandii Franch (PNP):fibers of Trachycarpus fortunei (FT) = 12:20:3:5 (weight ratio), and the recommended mixing amount is between 6 and 9 % of soil weight. In practical ecological restoration projects, not only could the new mixed-admixture reinforce frost resistance, but it also has no significant influence on the porosity and pH of the vegetation-concrete.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chinese Academy of Sciences (1978) Physical and chemical analysis of soil. Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publisher, Shanghai (in Chinese)
Costa JFDS, Vilar VJP, Botelho CMS, da Silva EAB, Boaventura RAR (2010) Application of the Nernst-Planck approach to lead ion exchange in Ca-loaded Pelvetia canaliculata. Water Res 44(13):3946–3958
Fang KT (2001) The orthogonal design and uniform design. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
Galan E, Carretero MI, Mayoral E (1999) A methodology for locating the original quarries used for constructing historical buildings: application to Malaga Cathedral. Spain Eng Geol 54(3–4):287–298
Gilabert MA, Garcia-Haro FJ, Melia J (2000) A mixture modeling approach to estimate vegetation parameters for heterogeneous canopies in remote sensing. Remote Sens Environ 72(3):328–345
Hengchaovanich D (1998) Vetiver grass slope stabilization and erosion control. Office of the Royal Development Projects Board, Bangkok
Huang XL, Xu WN, Xia ZY (2010) Direct shear test of root-soil composite system by two representative herb plants in vegetation-growing concrete base material. Res Soil Water Conserv 17(4):158–162 (in Chinese)
Janoo VC, Firicano AJ, Barna LA, Orchino SA (1999) Field testing of stabilized soil. J Cold Reg Eng 13(1):37–53
Liu B, Tao XX, Zhao G (2008) Laboratory study on water migration in soil during freezing–thawing process. Low Temp Archit Technol 6:10–12 (in Chinese)
Liu DR, Ma YL, Han LB, Wang ZF, Huang QH, Liu JS (2000) Selection of turfgrass species in greening slopes with hydroseeding. J Beijing For University 22(2):41–45 (in Chinese)
Luo X, Wei J (2005) Experimental study on the pump concrete and plain concrete after freeze–thaw cycles. Build Sci Res Sichuan 31(6):155–158 (in Chinese)
MOHURD, AQSIQ (2010) Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete (GB-T50082-2009). Guangming Daily Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
Ning BK (2006) Experiments and its constitutive model of cement-mixed soil under environmental erosion. Dissertation, Northeastern University (in Chinese)
Qi JL, Cheng GD, Vermeer PA (2005) State-of-the-art of influence of freeze–thaw on engineering properties of soils. Adv Earth Sci 20(8):887–894 (in Chinese)
Qi JL, Zhang JM, Zhu YL (2003) Influence of freezing-thawing on soil structure and its soil mechanics significance. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 22(supplement 2):2690–2694 (in Chinese)
Shihata SA, Baghdadi ZA (2001) Simplified method to assess freeze–thaw durability of soil cement. J Mater Civ Eng 13(4):243–247
Song CX (2007) Experiment study of the freeze–thaw effects on physical and mechanical properties of soils. Dissertation, Xi’an University of Technology (in Chinese)
Sun C, Xu WN, Xia ZY, Xiong SY, Guo P (2009) Time variability of vegetation concrete fertility of on rocky slopes. Soil Water Conserv China 4:32–34 (in Chinese)
Wang TL, Liu JK, Tian YH (2011) Static properties of cement and lime-modified soil subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. Rock Soil Mech 32(1):193–198 (in Chinese)
Xu WN, Xia ZY, Zhou YH, Dai FX (2007) Experimental investigation of unconfined compression strength of vegetation-growing concrete. Water Resour Hydropower Eng 38(4):51–54 (in Chinese)
Xu WN, Ye JJ, Zhou MT, Kou GX (2004) Several problems of vegetation technology for protecting slopes using vegetation-growing concrete. Water Resour Hydropower Eng 35(10):50–52 (in Chinese)
Yang J, Jiang GL (2003) Experimental study on properties of pervious concrete pavement materials. Cem Concr Res 33(3):381–386
Yarbasi N, Kalkan E, Akbulut S (2007) Modification of the geotechnical properties, as influenced by freeze–thaw, of granular soils with waste additives. Cold Reg Sci Technol 48(1):44–54
Zhang JY, Zhou DP (2004) Study on shrinkage and recovery of thick layer base material spraying for bio-slope-engineering. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 23(7):1203–1208 (in Chinese)
Zhang MT, Qiu JD, Yan D (2004) Application of external-soil spray seeding technique to slopes natural eco-restoration and protection. Sci Soil Water Conserv 2(3):10–12 (in Chinese)
Zhao XL, Wei J, Huang YY (2003) The comparison of evaluation indexes for durability degradation of concrete in freezing-thawing cycles. J Huazhong University Sci Technol 31(2):103–105 (in Chinese)
Zhou CG, Gao JL (2001) Control factors of grouting soil. Coal Geol Explor 29(1):45–48 (in Chinese)
Zhou LP, Sheng XD, Bai ZQ (2008) Experimental study on the strength of cement soil impacted by the mixed agent under the cycling of freeze–thaw. Yangtze River 39(24):73–76 (in Chinese)
Zhou ZJ, Xu WN, Xia ZY, Cai XY (2011) Research on influence of vegetation roots on shallow stability of soil slope. Yangtze River 42(7):82–85 (in Chinese)
Zhu DY (2006) Test analysis on the influential factors of compressive strength. Archit Technol 37(3):218–220 (in Chinese)
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Snow Avalanche Research Foundation of Ministry of Transport of the People’s Republic of China, Directional Project of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. SDS-135-1204-01), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51278281), and National Key Technology R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2012BAC06B02).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Daxiang, L., Wennian, X., Zunlan, C. et al. Improvement test on frost resistance of vegetation-concrete and engineering application of test fruitage. Environ Earth Sci 69, 161–170 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1944-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1944-0