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Chemical changes in fluid composition due to CO2 injection in the Altmark gas field: preliminary results from batch experiments

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Abstract

Dissolution–precipitation phenomena induced by CO2 injection to Altmark Permian sandstone were observed through laboratory experiments carried out under simulated reservoir conditions (125 °C and 50 bars of pressure). The rock sample was collected from the Altmark gas reservoir, which is being considered for enhanced gas recovery. Two sets of experiments were performed with pulverized rock samples in a closed batch reactor with either pure water (run 1) or 3 M aqueous NaCl solution (run 2) and reacted with injected CO2 for 3, 5, and 9 days. The liquid samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and total reflection X-ray fluorescence, where the latter proved to be a feasible alternative to conventional analytical techniques, especially since only small sample volumes (about 10 μl) are needed. Chemical analysis for both fluids (water and NaCl brine) indicated a significant dissolution of calcite and anhydrite in the solution, which might be a crucial process during CO2 injection. The brine solution enhanced the dissolution of calcite and anhydrite compared to pure water at the beginning of the reaction. Moreover, the progressive higher Si4+/Al3+ molar ratios (in average by a factor of 3) in the brine experiments indicated quartz dissolution. Thermodynamic calculations of mineral saturation indices highlighted the dissolution of the Ca-bearing minerals, which was in agreement with experimental results. Modeling enabled an evaluation of the dissolution processes of minerals in a low-salinity region, yet hindrances to model more saline conditions emphasize the need for further laboratory studies in order to parameterize models for deep aquifer conditions.

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Abbreviations

NaAlSi3O8 :

Albite

CaSO4 :

Anhydrite

BaSO4 :

Barite

CaCO3 :

Calcite

(Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2(Mg,Fe)3(OH)6 :

Chlorite

NaAlCO3(OH)2 :

Dawsonite

(K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2,(H2O)]:

Illite

KAlSi3O8 :

K-feldspar

SiO2 :

Quartz

FeCO3 :

Siderite

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) through the research group BA-5389 “CO2 Large Scale Enhanced Gas Recovery in the Altmark Natural Gas Field (CLEAN)” within the framework of the geoscientific research and development program “GEOTECHNOLOGIEN” (Publication number-1960). The authors would like to thank GDF SUEZ E&P DEUTSCHLAND GmbH for the samples. Sara Ladenburger, Thomas Wendel, and Sabine Flaiz are thanked for their assistances, respectively, in the TXRF, hydrogeochemistry, and ICP-OES laboratory at the University of Tübingen. Dr. Heinrich Taubald is specially thanked for his contribution in XRF measurement. We also thank Barbara Beckingham and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Hoelderlinstrasse 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany

    Farhana Huq, Stefan B. Haderlein & Peter Grathwohl

  2. Institute for Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Philipp Blum

  3. Department of Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Wilhelmstrasse 56, 72074, Tübingen, Germany

    Michael A. W. Marks & Marcus Nowak

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  1. Farhana Huq
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Correspondence to Farhana Huq.

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Huq, F., Blum, P., Marks, M.A.W. et al. Chemical changes in fluid composition due to CO2 injection in the Altmark gas field: preliminary results from batch experiments. Environ Earth Sci 67, 385–394 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1687-y

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