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Surface and groundwater quality characterization of Deoria District, Ganga Plain, India

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Abstract

A water quality investigation was carried out in the Deoria district, Ganga plain, to assess the suitability of surface and groundwaters for domestic, agricultural, and industrial purposes. As much as 50 representative samples from river and groundwater were collected from various stations to monitor the water chemistry of various ions, comprising Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3 −, SO4 2−, NO3 −, Cl−, F−, and trace metals, such as Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, and Pb. The results showed that electrical conductance (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), HCO3 −, Mg2+, Na+, and total hardness (TH) are above the maximum desirable limit, and apart from Fe and Mn all other trace metals are within the maximum permissible limit for drinking water. The calculated values for sodium absorption ratio (SAR), salinity, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and permeability index (PI) indicate well to permissible use of water for irrigation. High values of Na%, RSC, and Mg-hazard (MH) at some stations restrict its use for agricultural purpose. Anthropogenic activities affect the spatial variation of water quality. Economic and social developments of the study area is closely associated with the characteristics of the hydrological network.

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Acknowledgments

The financial assistance from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, New Delhi is highly acknowledged (Project No – SR/54/ES-21/Ganga Plain/P3). We are thankful to Prof. N.L. Chhabra, Head, Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, for providing the working facilities. The Directors of Central and State Ground Water Department are thanked for providing the subsurface data. People of Ropan Chhapra, Lar, Deoria district are thanked for logistic support during field work. Mr. Amit Awasthi is thanked for his help in the field.

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  1. Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India

    Vikram Bhardwaj & Dhruv Sen Singh

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  1. Vikram Bhardwaj
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  2. Dhruv Sen Singh
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Correspondence to Vikram Bhardwaj.

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Bhardwaj, V., Singh, D.S. Surface and groundwater quality characterization of Deoria District, Ganga Plain, India. Environ Earth Sci 63, 383–395 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0709-x

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