Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Concentration, distribution, and sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediments of Laizhou Bay, China. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 97.2 to 204.8 ng/g, with a mean of 148.4 ng/g. High concentrations of PAHs were found in the fine-grained sediments on both sides of the Yellow River estuary (YRE). In contrast, low levels of PAHs were observed in relatively coarse grain sediments, suggesting hydrodynamics influence the accumulation of sedimentary PAHs. The YRE and its adjacent area is the main sink for Yellow River-derived PAHs. Both PAH isomer ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) with multivariate linear regression (MLR) were applied to apportion sources of PAHs. Results indicated that both pyrogenic and petrogenic PAH sources were important. Further PCA/MLR analysis showed that the contributions of coal combustion, petroleum combustion and a combined source of spilled oil and biomass burning were 41, 15 and 44%, respectively. From an ecotoxicological viewpoint, the studied area appears to have low levels of PAH pollution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baumard P, Budzinski H, Garrigues P, Sorbe JC, Burgeot T, Bellocq J (1998) Concentration of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in various marine organisms in relation to those in sediments and to tropic level. Mar Pollut Bull 30:951–960

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behymer TD, Hites RA (1988) Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on fly ash. Environ Sci Technol 22:1311–1319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boonyatumanond R, Wattayakorn G, Togo A, Takada H (2006) Distribution and origins of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in riverine, estuarine, and marine sediments in Thailand. Mar Pollut Bull 52:942–956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boonyatumanond R, Murakami M, Wattayakorn G, Togo A, Takada H (2007) Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust in a tropical Asian mega-city, Bangkok, Thailand. Sci Total Environ 384:420–432

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bordovskiy OK (1965) Accumulation of organic matter in bottom sediments. Mar Geol 3:33–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen JL, Liu WX, Liu SZ, Lin XM, Tao S (2004) An evaluation on heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments in Bohai Sea (in Chinese). Mar Sci 28(12):16–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Chu ZX, Sun XG, Zhai SK, Xu KH (2006) Changing pattern of accretion/erosion of the modern Yellow River (Huanghe) subaerial delta, China: based on remote sensing images. Mar Geol 227:13–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Datta DK, Gupta LP, Subramanian V (1999) Distribution of C, N and P in the sediments of the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna river system in the Bengal basin. Org Geochem 30:75–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duval MM, Friedlander SK (1981) Source resolution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Los Angeles atmospheres: application of a cmb with first order decay. U.S. EPA Report EPA-600/2-81-161, Washington, DC

  • Fraser MP, Cass GR, Simoneit BR, Rasmussen RA (1998) Air quality model evaluation data for organics. 5. C6–C22 nonpolar and semipolar aromatic compounds. Environ Sci Technol 32:1760–1770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman DJ, Cattell FCR (1990) Woodburning as a sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Technol 24:1581–1585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goñi MA, Ruttenberg KC, Eglinton TI (1998) A reassessment of the sources and importance of land-derived organic matter in surface sediments from the Gulf of Mexico. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 62:3055–3075

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goñi MA, Maria JT, David WP (2003) Sources and distribution of organic matter in a river-dominated estuary (Winyah Bay, SC, USA). Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 57:1023–1048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo ZG, Sheng LF, Feng JL, Fang M (2003) Seasonal variation of solvent extractable organic compounds in the aerosols in Qingdao, China. Atmos Environ 37:1825–1834

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo ZG, Lin T, Zhang G, Yang ZS, Fang M (2006) High-resolution depositional records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the central continental shelf mud of the east China sea. Environ Sci Technol 40:5304–5311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo W, He M, Yang Z, Lin C, Quan X, Wang H (2007) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water, suspended particulate matter and sediment from Daliao River watershed, China. Chemosphere 68:93–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison RM, Smith DJT, Luhana L (1996) Source apportionment of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected from an urban location in Birmingham UK. Environ Sci Technol 30:825–832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu LM, Guo ZG, Feng JL, Yang ZS, Fang M (2009) Distributions and sources of bulk organic matter and aliphatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea, China. Mar Chem 113:197–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu NJ, Shi XF, Liu JH, Huang P, Liu YG, Liu Y (2010) Concentrations and possible sources of PAHs in sediments from Bohai Bay and adjacent shelf. Environ Earth Sci 60(8):1771–1782. doi:10.1007/s12665-009-0313-0

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang DJ, Su JL (2002) The effects of the Huanghe River delta on the circulation and transportation of larvae (in Chinese). Acta Oceanologica Sinica 24(6):104–111

    Google Scholar 

  • IRTCES (International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation) (2005) Bulletin of Chinese River Sediment (2004) (in Chinese). Ministry of Water Resources Conservancy, Beijing, China. Available at http://www.irtces.org/database.asp

  • Jiang B, Zheng HL, Huang GQ, Ding H, Li XG, Suo HT, Li R (2007) Characterization and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in sediments of Haihe River, Tianjin, China. J Environ Sci 19:306–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin J, Liu WZ, Wang Y, Tang XY (2008) Levels and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in plant, shellfish and sediment samples from Laizhou Bay in China. Chemosphere 71:1043–1050

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kannan K, Johnson-Restrepo B, Yohn SS, Giesy JP, Long DT (2005) Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydro- carbons in sediments from Michigan inland lakes. Environ Sci Technol 39:4700–4706

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khalili NR, Scheff PA, Holsen TM (1995) PAH source fingerprints for coke ovens, diesel and gasoline engines, highway tunnels, and wood combustion emissions. Atmos Environ 29:533–542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim EJ, Oh JE, Chang YS (2003) Effects of forest fire on the level and distribution of PCDD/Fs and PAHs in soil. Sci Total Environ 311:177–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen RK, Baker JE (2003) Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: a comparison of three methods. Environ Sci Technol 37:1873–1881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux PM, Lutes CC, Santoianni DA (2004) Emission of organic air toxics from open burning: a comprehensive review. Prog Energy Combust Sci 30:1–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li GX, Tang Z, Yue S, Zhuang K, Wei H (2001a) Sedimentation in the shear front off the Yellow River mouth. Cont Shelf Res 21(6–7):607–625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li RW, Li H, Li Y, Zhang SK, Qian Z, Ma ZP, Jiang ZX (2001b) Study of the heavy metals, Nitrogen and phosphorus contaminants in the sediments of the Yellow River Delta (in Chinese). Acta Sedimentol Sin 19(4):622–629

    Google Scholar 

  • Li GC, Xia XH, Yang ZF, Wang R, Voulvoulis N (2006) Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, China. Environ Pollut 144:985–993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lima AL, Farrington JW, Reddy CM (2005) Combustion-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment—a review. Environ Forensics 6:109–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin C, Su J, Xu B, Tang Q (2001) Long-term variations of temperature and salinity of the Bohai Sea and their influence on ecosystem. Prog Oceanogr 49:7–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu WX, Chen JL, Lin XM, Tao S (2006) Distribution and characteristics of organic micropollutants in surface sediments from Bohai Sea. Environ Pollut 140:4–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu WX, Chen JL, Lin XM, Fan YS, Tao S (2007a) Residual concentrations of micropollutants in benthic mussels in the coastal areas of Bohai Sea, North China. Environ Pollut 146:470–477

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu WX, Chen JL, Lin XM, Tao S (2007b) Spatial distribution and species composition of PAHs in surface sediments from the Bohai Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 54:97–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Chen L, Zhao JF, Huang QH, Zhu ZL, Gao HW (2008) Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of rivers and an estuary in Shanghai, China. Environ Pollut 154:298–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Chen L, Huang QH, Li WY, Tang YJ, Zhao JF (2009) Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the Huangpu River, Shanghai, China. Sci Total Environ 407:2931–2938

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long ER, MacDonald DD, Smith SJ, Calder FD (1995) Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Environ Manag 19:81–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu CH (2000) Year book of Chinese energy, 1997–1999. Chinese Statistical Press, Beijing, pp 178–181

  • Ma M, Feng Z, Guan C, Ma Y, Xu H, Li H (2001) DDT, PAH and PCB in sediments from the intertidal zone of the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 42(2):132–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macias-Zamora JV, Mendoza-Vega E, Villaescusa-Celaya JA (2002) PAHs composition of surface marine sediments: a comparison to potential local sources in Todos Santos Bay, BC, Mexico. Chemosphere 46:459–468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mai BX, Fu JM, Zhang G, Lin Z, Min YS, Sheng GY, Wang XM (2001) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Pearl river and estuary, China: spatial and temporal distribution and sources. Appl Geochem 16:1429–1445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mai BX, Fu JM, Sheng GY, Kang YH, Lin Z, Zhang G, Min YS, Zeng EY (2002) Chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in riverine and estuarine sediments from Pearl River Delta, China. Environ Pollut 117:457–474

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mao XY, Jiang WS, Zhao P, Gao HW (2008) A 3-D numerical study of salinity variations in the Bohai Sea during the recent years. Cont Shelf Res 28(19):2689–2699

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May WE, Wise SA (1984) Liquid chromatographic determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air particulate extracts. Anal Chem 56:225–232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Men B, He MC, Tan L, Lin CY, Quan XC (2009) Distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Daliao River Estuary of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea (China). Mar Pollut Bull 58:818–826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers PA (1997) Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic, paleolimnlogic, and paleoclimatic processes. Organic Geochem 27:213–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller PJ (1977) C/N ratio in Pacific deep-sea sediments: effect of inorganic ammonium and organic nitrogen compounds absorbed by clays. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 41:765–776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC) (1996) Statistical yearbook of China. China Statistics Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBSC) (2008) Statistical yearbook of China. China Statistics Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Oros DR, Ross JRM (2004) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in San Francisco Estuary sediments. Mar Chem 86:169–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pichler M, Guggenburger G, Hartmann R, Zech W (1996) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in different forest humus types. Environ Sci Technol Res 3:24–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Qiao SQ, Shi XF, Zhu AM, Liu YG, Bi NS, Fang XS, Yang G (2009) Distribution and transport of suspended sediments off the Yellow River (Huanghe) mouth and the nearby Bohai Sea. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2009.07.019

  • Redfield AC, Ketchum BH, Richards FA (1963) The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water. In: Hill MN (ed) The sea. Wiley, New York, pp 26–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Ren ME, Shi YL (1986) Sediment discharge of the Yellow River (China) and its effect on the sedimentation of the Bohai and the Yellow Sea. Cont Shelf Res 6:785–810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert CJ, Calvert SE (2001) Nitrogen and carbon isotopic composition of marine and terrestrial organic matter in Arctic Ocean sediments: implications for nutrient utilization and organic matter composition. Deep Sea Res 48:789–810

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shepard FP (1954) Nomenclature based on sand–silt–clay ratios. J Sedment Petrol 24:151–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi Z, Tao S, Pan B, Fan W, He XC, Zuo Q, Wu SP, Li BG, Cao J, Liu WX, Xu FL, Wang XJ, Shen WR, Wong PK (2005) Contamination of rivers in Tianjin, China by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Pollut 134:97–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soclo HH, Garrigues P, Ewald M (2000) Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas. Mar Pollut Bull 40:387–396

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stein R (1991) Accumulation of organic carbon in marine sediments. In: Bhattacharji S, Friedman GM, Neugebauer HJ, Seilacher A (eds) Results from deep sea drilling project/ocean drilling program. Lectures notes in earth sciences. Springer, Berlin

  • Suguio K (1973) Introducção à sedimentologia. Edgard Blucher/EDUSP, São Paulo

    Google Scholar 

  • Sündermanm J, Feng SZ (2004) Analysis and modeling of the Bohai Sea ecosystem—a joint German–Chinese study. J Mar Syst 44:127–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Venkatesan MI (1988) Occurrence and possible sources of perylene in marine sediments—a review. Mar Chem 25:1–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang CY, Wang XL (2007) Spatial distribution of dissolved Pb, Hg, Cd, Cu and As in the Bohai Sea. J Environ Sci 19:1061–1066

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang HJ, Yang ZS, Li YH, Guo ZG, Sun XX, Wang Y (2007a) Dispersal pattern of suspended sediment in the shear frontal zone off the Huanghe (Yellow River) mouth. Cont Shelf Res 27(6):854–871

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Lee FSC, Wang XR, Yin YF, Li JR (2007b) Chemical characteristics and source implications of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the sediments near major drainage outfalls along the coastal of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China. Environ Monit Assess 125:229–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Yang ZS, Saito Yoshiki, Liu J. Paul, Sun XX, Wang Y. (2007c) Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe (Yellow River) sediment load (1950–2005): impacts of climate change and human activities. Glob Planet Change. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.01.003

  • Wang LL, Yang ZF, Niu JF, Wang JY (2009) Characterization, ecological risk assessment and source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water column of the Yellow River Delta, one of the most plenty biodiversity zones in the world. J Hazard Mater 169:460–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu GQ (1992) The study on dynamic mechanism for formation of muddy sediment at present Yellow River estuary (in Chinese). Coast Eng 11(2):44–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Zhang J (2001) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in core sediments of the Bohai straight (in Chinese). Environ Sci 22(3):74–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Xi JZ (1996) Water resources of the Yellow River. Publishing House of Water Resources, Zhengzhou, China

    Google Scholar 

  • Xia XH, Zhou JS, Yang ZF (2002) Nitrogen contamination in the Yellow River Basin of China. J Environ Qual 31:917–925

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu SS, Liu WX, Tao S (2006) Emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in China. Environ Sci Technol 40(3):702–708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu J, Yu Y, Wang P, Guo WF, Dai SG, Sun HW (2007a) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediments from Yellow River, China. Chemosphere 67:1408–1414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu XQ, Yang HH, Li QL, Yang BJ, Wang XR, Lee FSC (2007b) Residues of organochlorine pesticides in near shore waters of LaiZhou Bay and JiaoZhou Bay, Shandong Peninsula, China. Chemosphere 68:126–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yan W, Chi JS, Wang ZY, Huang WX, Zhang G (2009) Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Daya Bay, South China. Environ Pollut 157(6):1823–1830

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang GP (2000) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the South China Sea. Environ Pollut 108:163–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang RQ, Yao ZW, Jiang GB, Zhou QF, Liu JY (2004) HCH and DDT residues in molluscs from Chinese Bohai coastal sites. Mar Pollut Bull 48:795–805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang ZF, Wang LL, Niu JF, Wang JY, Shen ZY (2009) Pollution assessment and Source identifications of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Yellow River Delta, a newly born wetland in China. Environ Monit Assess 158:561–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ye BX, Zhang ZH, Mao T (2006) Pollution sources identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of soils in Tianjin area, China. Chemosphere 64:525–534

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu GG, Wang TG, Wu DP, Wang J (2008) A study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in Beijing Aerosols (in Chinese). J China Univ Min Technol 37(1):72–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuan DX, Yang DN, Wade TL, Qian YR (2001) Status of persistent organic pollutants in the sediment from several estuaries in China. Environ Pollut 114:101–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yunker MB, Macdonald RW, Veltkamp DJ, Cretney WJ (1995) Terrestrial and marine biomarkers in a seasonally ice-covered Arctic estuary—integration of multivariate and biomarker approaches. Mar Chem 49:1–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yunker MB, Snowdon LR, MacDonald RW, Smith JN, Fowler MG, Skibo DN, McLaughlin FA, Danyushevskaya AI, Petrova VI, Ivanov GI (1996) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composition and potential sources for sediment samples from the Beaufort and Barents Seas. Environ Sci Technol 30:1310–1320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yunker MB, Macdonald RW, Vingarzan R, Mitchell RH, Goyette D, Sylvestre S (2002) PAHs in the Fraser River basin: a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicators of PAH source and composition. Org Geochem 33:489–515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaghden H, Kallel M, Elleuch B, Oudot J, Saliot A (2007) Source and distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Sfax, Tunisia, Mediterranean Sea. Mar Chem 105:70–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zakaria MP, Takada H, Tsutsumi S, Ohno K, Yamada J, Kouno E, Kumata H (2002) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rivers and estuaries in Malaysia: a widespread input of petrogenic PAHs. Environ Sci Technol 36:1907–1918

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Cai LZ, Yuan DX, Chen M (2004a) Distribution and sources of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in Mangrove surficial sediments of Deep Bay, China. Mar Pollut Bull 49:479–486

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang ZH, Tao S, Ye BX, Peng ZQ, Yuan JP (2004b) Pollution sources and identification of hydrocarbons in soil and sediment using molecular makers (in Chinese). Chin J Soil Sci 35:793–798

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang HB, Luo YM, Wong MH, Zhao QG, Zhang GL (2006a) Distributions and Concentrations of PAHs in Hong Kong Soils. Environ Pollut 141:107–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang ZH, Zhu MY, Wang ZL, Wang J (2006b) Monitoring and managing pollution load in Bohai Sea, PR China. Ocean Coast Manag 49:706–716

  • Zhao BR, Zhuang GW, Cao DM, Lei FH (1995) Circulation, tidal residual currents and their effects on the sedimentations in the Bohai Sea. Oceanologia ET Limnologia Sinica 26(5):466–473

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou JL, Maskaoui K (2003) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and surface sediments from Daya Bay, China. Environ Pollut 121:269–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou JL, Hong H, Zhang Z, Maskaou K, Chen W (2000) Multi-phase distribution of organic micropollutants in Xianmen harbour, China. Water Res 34(7):2132–2150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo Q, Duan YH, Yang Y, Wang XJ, Tao S (2007) Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil in Tianjin, China. Environ Pollut 147:303–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the crew of the R/V Kan 407 and R/V Sutaiyu 01155 for their assistance with sample collection. This work was jointly supported by National Science Fund, China (Grant No. 40806025), the State Oceanic Administration, China (Grant No. 908-02-02-05, GY02-2008G39 and GY02-2009G19) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 20080441155). The authors also extend great appreciation to the constructive comments from anonymous reviewers and Dr. Zhigang Guo of the Fudan University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, 266061, China

    Ning Jing Hu, Xue Fa Shi & Ji Hua Liu

  2. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Peng Huang

Authors
  1. Ning Jing Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xue Fa Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Peng Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ji Hua Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ning Jing Hu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hu, N.J., Shi, X.F., Huang, P. et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments of Laizhou Bay, Bohai Sea, China. Environ Earth Sci 63, 121–133 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0675-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-010-0675-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation