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Expression of Salivary and Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Individuals With Diabetes and Oral Cancer

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Abstract

Aim

To evaluate the expression of salivary and serum Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in individuals with and without diabetes and oral cancer.

Methods

The cross-sectional study included 4 groups (n = 12/group). Group I consisted of healthy individuals (controls), Group II individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) without oral cancer, Group III individuals had only oral cancer and Group IV individuals had oral cancer and T2D. Demographic characteristics and biochemical values were recorded. Salivary and serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were measured using a quantitative sandwich ELISA technique.

Results

Serum IGF-1 levels [Median (Inter-quartile range)] were highest among the control group [255 (135) ng/ml], followed by only T2D group [210 (147) ng/ml], oral cancer with T2D group [149 (45) ng/ml] and finally the oral cancer group [143 (81) ng/ml, p for trend = 0.004]. Salivary IGF-1 values were significantly higher in both the groups with T2D [T2D:0.42 (0.20) ng/ml; oral cancer with T2D: 0.40 (0.21) ng/ml] when compared to those with only oral cancer [0.27 (0.06) ng/ml] and controls: 0.17 (0.17) ng/ml], p for trend = 0.007]. Serum IGFBP-3 was significantly higher in both the oral cancer groups [without T2D: 13.1(10.4) ng/ml; with T2D: 14.9 (8.5) ng/ml] compared to only T2D [0.27 (0.06) ng/ml] and controls [8.7 (3.5) ng/ml, p for trend = 0.001]. However, no significant trend was observed in salivary IGFBP-3 levels.

Conclusion

IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 are not reliable biomarkers for oral cancer screening or risk prediction. Further research is needed to confirm if they can be used as prognostic tools during treatment.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the participants for their involvement in this study.

Funding

The authors acknowledge the Research Society for the Study of Diabetes in India (RSSDI) for the financial support for the study through their research grant (project no.RSSDI/HQ/Grants/2021/10).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia

    Rajendra Prabhu Abhinav & Catherine M. Bennett

  2. Madras Diabetes Research Foundation and Dr Mohan’s Diabetes Specialities Centre, No: 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086, India

    Rajendra Prabhu Abhinav, Ranjit Mohan Anjana, Thyparambil Aravindakshan Pramodkumar, Rajendra Pradeepa & Viswanathan Mohan

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India

    Rajendra Prabhu Abhinav & Mullainathan Senthilmurugan

  4. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University Geelong, Geelong, Australia

    Patricia M. Livingston

  5. School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia

    Joanne Williams

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  1. Rajendra Prabhu Abhinav
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Abhinav, R.P., Bennett, C.M., Anjana, R.M. et al. Expression of Salivary and Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in Individuals With Diabetes and Oral Cancer. J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02212-6

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