Abstract
Aim
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment modality that has been used clinically for early stage and inoperable cancers. Successful use of this atraumatic therapy in osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) has been documented in the literature. The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the role of photodynamic therapy in ORN and ONJ.
Methods
Two independent reviewers conducted an elaborate search in PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane’s CENTRAL database for studies published on PDT as stand-alone or adjuvant therapy in ORN/ONJ until June 2022. The present study was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Demographic data, type and stage of necrosis of the jaws, site, PDT protocol, time to heal and follow-up were evaluated. Eighteen articles were included totally based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for final analysis.
Results
A total of 94 patients were included in the present review out of which 36 were males and 58 were females. Five studies reported the use of PDT as an adjuvant therapy in ORN. Thirteen studies reported successful outcomes with PDT in ONJ. Complete epithelialization was achieved with PDT ± other adjuvants in 86/94 (91.48%) patients. The time taken for regression of the lesion ranged between 4 days and 12 months with PDT in the present study.
Conclusion
The reviewed studies demonstrate the effectiveness of PDT, as an adjuvant therapy, in managing various stages of ORN and ONJ.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
O’Dell K, Sinha U (2011) Osteoradionecrosis. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 23:455–464
Aghaloo T, Hazboun R, Tetradis S (2015) Pathophysiology of osteonecrosis of the jaws. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 27:489–496
Moon DH, Moon SH, Wang K, Weissler MC, Hackman TG, Zanation AM et al (2017) Incidence of, and risk factors for, mandibular osteoradionecrosis in patients with oral cavity and oropharynx cancers. Oral Oncol 72:98–103
Khan AA, Morrison A, Hanley DA, Felsenberg D, McCauley LK, O’Ryan F et al (2015) Diagnosis and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw: a systematic review and international consensus. J Bone Miner Res 30:3–23
Akashi M, Wanifuchi S, Iwata E, Takeda D, Kusumoto J, Furudoi S et al (2018) Differences between osteoradionecrosis and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Oral Maxillofac Surg 22:59–63
Agostinis P, Berg K, Cengel KA, Foster TH, Girotti AW, Gollnick SO et al (2011) Photodynamic therapy of cancer: an update. CA Cancer J Clin 61:250–281
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2020) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021:372
Munn Z, Barker TH, Moola S, Tufanaru C, Stern C, McArthur A, Stephenson M, Aromataris E (2020) Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool. JBI Evid Synth 18:2127–2133
Astrid Truschnegg PR (2013) Use of photodynamic therapy in treatment of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: literature review and case series. J Anal Bioanal Tech S1:006
Minamisako MC, Ribeiro GH, Lisboa ML, Mariela Rodríguez Cordeiro M, Grando LJ (2016) Medication-related osteonecrosis of jaws: a low-level laser therapy and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy case approach. Case Rep Dent. 2016:6267406
de Castro MS, Ribeiro NV, de Carli ML, Pereira AAC, Sperandio FF, Hanemann JAC (2016) Photodynamically dealing with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: successful case reports. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 16:72–75
Ribeiro GH, Minamisako MC, da Rath IBS, Santos AMB, Simões A, Pereira KCR et al (2018) Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: Case series treated with adjuvant low-level laser therapy and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Appl Oral Sci 26:e20170172
Poli PP, Souza FÁ, Maiorana C (2018) Adjunctive use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 23:99–101
Poli PP, Souza FÁ, Ferrario S, Maiorana C (2019) Adjunctive application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw following dentoalveolar surgery: a case series. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 27:117–123
Tandon S, Lamba AK, Faraz F, Aggarwal K, Chowdhri K (2019) A case report of bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw treated by photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 26:313–315
Campos L, Miziara LNB, Gallottini M, Ortega K, Martins F (2020) Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 31:101826
Magalhães IA, Forte CPF, Viana TSA, Teófilo CR, de Verde RMBL, Magalhães DP et al (2020) Photobiomodulation and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjunct in the treatment and prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: a case report. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 31:101959
Pedroni ACF, Miniello TG, Hirota C, Carvalho MH, Lascala CA, Marques MM (2020) Successful application of antimicrobial photodynamic and photobiomodulation therapies for controlling osteoradionecrosis and xerostomia after laryngeal carcinoma treatment: a case report of full oral rehabilitation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 31:101835
Tartaroti NC, Marques MM, da Naclério-Homem Graça M, Migliorati CA, Zindel Deboni MC (2020) Antimicrobial photodynamic and photobiomodulation adjuvant therapies for prevention and treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: case series and long-term follow-up. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 29:101651
Tateno RY, Palma LF, Sendyk WR, Campos L (2020) Laser and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for the management of delayed healing following multiple dental extractions in a post-radiotherapy patient. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 30:101764
da Costa Almeida MV, Moura AC, Santos L, Gominho L, Cavalcanti NT, Romeiro K (2021) Photodynamic therapy as an adjunct in the treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a case report. J Lasers Med Sci 12:1–5
Campos L, Martins F, Tateno RY, Sendyk WR, Palma LF (2021) Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using optical fiber for oral fistula resulting from mandibular osteoradionecrosis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 34:102247
Casu C, Murgia MS, Garau V, Argiolas LE, Orrù G (2021) A particular photodynamic therapy for the treatment of refractory spontaneous maxillary onj: a Case Report. Qeios. https://doi.org/10.32388/GG5SAP
Silva N, Silva F, Carlan L, Morais H, Silva W, Morais M (2021) Use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw the medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw ( MRONJ ) is the persistent exposure of the alveolar bone for more than 8 weeks in patients with a hi. Arch Heal Invest. 10:970–974
Viganò R, Murgia MS, Orrù G, Vigano L, Casu C (2021) B.P.F.C pure growth factor, pdt and lllt for the treatment of severe mronj non-responsive to prolonged antibiotic therapy. Qeios. https://doi.org/10.32388/43BHBE.2
Schussel JL, de Araújo AMM, Ballardin BS, Torres-Pereira CC (2022) Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as a treatment option for inoperable cases of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 39:102947
Rice N, Polyzois I, Ekanayake K, Omer O, Stassen LFA (2015) The management of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws - a review. Surgeon 13:101–109
Pitak-Arnnop P, Sader R, Dhanuthai K, Masaratana P, Bertolus C, Chaine A et al (2008) Management of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: an analysis of evidence. Eur J Surg Oncol 34:1123–1134
Marx RE (1983) A new concept in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 41:351–357
Schortinghuis J, Ruben JL, Raghoebar GM, Stegenga B (2004) Ultrasound to stimulate mandibular bone defect healing: a placebo-controlled single-blind study in rats. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:194–201
Delanian S, Lefaix JL (2004) The radiation-induced fibroatrophic process: therapeutic perspective via the antioxidant pathway. Radiother Oncol 73:119–131
Harris M, Mozzati M, Gallesio G, Gassino G, Palomba A, Bergamasco L et al (1992) Prevention of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws by low-intensity ultrasound in the dog model. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 45:1170–1176
Hamilton JD, Lai SY, Ginsberg LE (2012) Superimposed infection in mandibular osteoradionecrosis: diagnosis and outcomes. J Comput Assist Tomogr 36:725–731
Rabin BM, Meyer JR, Berlin JW, Marymount MH, Palka PS, Russell EJ (1996) Radiation-induced changes in the central nervous system and head and neck. Radiographics 16:1055–1072
Carrera ET, Dias HB, Corbi SCT, Marcantonio RAC, Bernardi ACA, Bagnato VS et al (2016) The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dentistry: a critical review. Laser Phys 26(12):123001
Ervolino E, Statkievicz C, Toro LF, de Mello-Neto JM, Cavazana TP, Issa JPM et al (2019) Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy improves the alveolar repair process and prevents the occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaws after tooth extraction in senile rats treated with zoledronate. Bone 120:101–113
Hafner S, Ehrenfeld M, Storz E, Wieser A (2016) Photodynamic inactivation of Actinomyces naeslundii in comparison with chlorhexidine and polyhexanide - a new approach for antiseptic treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 74:516–522
Sahu K, Sharma M, Dube A, Gupta PK (2015) Topical antimicrobial photodynamic therapy improves angiogenesis in wounds of diabetic mice. Lasers Med Sci 30:1923–1929
Pansani TN, Basso FG, Turirioni APS, Kurachi C, Hebling J, De Souza Costa CA (2014) Effects of low-level laser therapy on the proliferation and apoptosis of gingival fibroblasts treated with zoledronic acid. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 43:1030–1034
Núñez SC, Garcez AS, Kato IT, Yoshimura TM, Gomes L, Baptista MS et al (2014) Effects of ionic strength on the antimicrobial photodynamic efficiency of methylene blue. Photochem Photobiol Sci 13:595–602
Sardella A, Carrassi A, Tarozzi M, Lodi G (2011) Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with photodynamic therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 69:e314–e316
Funding
The authors declare that no funding or grants have been received for undertaking this review.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no potential conflict of interest.
Ethical approval
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Poorna, T.A., Joshna, E.K., Alagarsamy, R. et al. Role of Photodynamic Therapy in Osteonecrosis and Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaws: A Systematic Review. J. Maxillofac. Oral Surg. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02127-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-024-02127-2