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Finale Fixationen, sportmotorische Leistung und eine Inhibitionshypothese

Mechanismen des „Quiet Eye“

Final fixations, motor performance and an inhibition hypothesis

Mechanisms of the “quiet eye”

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Zusammenfassung

Vielfach konnte in den letzten Jahren die Bedeutung einer langen letzten Fixation vor Bewegungsbeginn – des Quiet Eye – für die sportmotorische Leistung aufgezeigt werden. Obgleich dieses Phänomen breit untersucht wurde, mangelt es bislang an einer zufriedenstellenden Erklärung. In diesem Beitrag werden daher aktuelle Erklärungsversuche diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass vorliegende Beiträge aus der Kognitions- und der ökologischen Psychologie konzeptuelle oder methodische Mängel aufweisen. Aus diesen Gründen wird – zunächst für Aufgaben mit hohen Präzisionsanforderungen – ein Inhibitionsmechanismus zur Erklärung des Quiet-Eye-Phänomens vorgeschlagen mit der zentralen Aussage, dass die Verarbeitung leistungsrelevanter Hinweisreize durch ein ruhiges Auge von Störungen abgeschirmt wird. Abschließend kann gezeigt werden, dass sich der vorgeschlagene Mechanismus mit der bestehenden Befundlage als kompatibel erweist und er die Ableitung weitergehender Vorhersagen erlaubt.

Abstract

Over recent years, it has repeatedly been demonstrated that a longer final fixation (the so-called quiet eye) is beneficial for motor performance. Although this phenomenon has been broadly studied, a satisfying explanation is still lacking. Discussing explanations for the quiet eye benefit, it becomes apparent that contributions from both, cognitive and ecological frameworks, still exhibit conceptual and methodological problems. Therefore, (for a start, for precision tasks) an inhibition mechanism is proposed with the central assumption that the quiet eye shields the processing of performance-relevant cues from interferences. The proposed mechanism proves to be compatible with the current state of research and allows for the deduction of novel predictions.

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  1. Institut für Sportwissenschaft Abteilung Bewegung und Training, Universität Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 145, 3012, Bern, Schweiz

    André Klostermann

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  1. André Klostermann
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Correspondence to André Klostermann.

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Klostermann, A. Finale Fixationen, sportmotorische Leistung und eine Inhibitionshypothese. Sportwiss 44, 49–59 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-013-0313-9

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