Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A modified distance-based energy-aware (mDBEA) routing protocol in wireless sensor networks (WSNs)

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to collect data and detect phenomena in a real-time environment. There is considerable interest in the deployment of WSNs in remote, inaccessible and inhospitable locations; such use of WSNs throws up many challenges. WSNs come with numerous advantages, yet a notable limitation is that the battery life dictates the lifetime of the sensor node. Two critical factors that determine battery lifetime are the frequency of sensor readings and the transmission range of the sensor nodes. Some energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed and adopted for use to extend the lifetime of sensor nodes. These protocols aim at optimizing the routes in the network. Given that multi-hop routes are energy inefficient, improving the lifetime of WSNs in a multi-hop routing environment will require the use of route optimization techniques. A modified distance-based energy-aware (mDBEA) routing protocol is proposed which is efficient and capable of minimizing the energy consumption of the sensor nodes and hence, maximizing network lifetime. Our approach addresses the problem by calculating the Euclidian distance between successive nodes to determine the shortest distance that minimizes the energy required for transmission. The simulation results indicate that the mDBEA routing protocol reduced the amount of energy consumed in the network by choosing the minimum transmission distance between the source and its neighbour nodes that significantly prolonged the network's lifetime. Our greedy approach yielded about 95% Packet delivery ratio (PDR). Our next-hop and the direct-to-sink algorithms yielded about 82% PDR.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25
Fig. 26
Fig. 27
Fig. 28
Fig. 29
Fig. 30
Fig. 31
Fig. 32

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adu-Manu KS (2019) A study into lifetime maximization of wireless sensor networks for water quality monitoring. University of Ghana

  • Adu-Manu KS, Tapparello C, Heinzelman W, Katsriku FA, Abdulai J-D (2017) Water quality monitoring using wireless sensor networks: current trends and future research directions. ACM Trans Sens Netw 13(1):1–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adu-Manu KS, Adam N, Tapparello C, Ayatollahi H, Heinzelman W (2018) Energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs) a review. ACM Trans Sens Netw 14(2):1–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adu-Manu KS, Katsriku F, Abdulai J-D, Gómez JM, Heinzelmann W (2019) Network lifetime maximization with adjustable node transmission range. In: Smart cities/smart regions--Technische, wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Innovationen. Springer, pp 693–707

  • Adu-Manu KS, Katsriku FA, Abdulai JD, Engmann F (2020) Smart river monitoring using wireless sensor networks. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 2020:1–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aghajani G, Ghadimi N (2018) Multi-objective energy management in a micro-grid. Energy Rep 4:218–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akbary P, Ghiasi M, Pourkheranjani MRR, Alipour H, Ghadimi N (2019) Extracting appropriate nodal marginal prices for all types of committed reserve. Comput Econ 53(1):1–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arya R (2013) Modeling and validation of transmission range adjustment algorithm in wireless sensor network using colored petri nets

  • Chauhan V, Soni S (2020) Mobile sink-based energy efficient cluster head selection strategy for wireless sensor networks. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 11(11):4453–4466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen P, O’Dea B, Callaway E (2002) Energy efficient system design with optimum transmission range for wireless ad hoc networks. In: 2002 IEEE international conference on communications. Conference Proceedings. ICC 2002 (Cat. No. 02CH37333), vol 2, pp 945–52

  • Draz U, Ali A, Bilai M, Ali T, Iftikhar MA, Jolfaei A, Suh DY (2021) Energy efficient proactive routing scheme for enabling reliable communication in underwater internet of things. IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng 4697(3):1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Du J, Wang K, Liu H, Guo D (2013) Maximizing the lifetime of k-discrete barrier coverage using mobile sensors. IEEE Sens J 13(12):4690–4701

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engmann F, Katsriku FA, Abdulai J-D, Adu-Manu KS, Banaseka FK (2018) Prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks: a review of current techniques. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 2018

  • Engmann F, Katsriku FA, Abdulai J-D, Adu-Manu KS (2020) Reducing the energy budget in WSN using time series models. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 2020

  • Gong Y (2019) Network-structure-based energy aware routing in wireless sensor networks. In: 2019 IEEE 4th advanced information technology, electronic and automation control conference (IAEAC), vol 1, pp 1602–1605

  • Hamian M, Darvishan A, Hosseinzadeh M, Lariche MJ, Ghadimi N, Nouri A (2018) A framework to expedite joint energy-reserve payment cost minimization using a custom-designed method based on mixed integer genetic algorithm. Eng Appl Artif Intell 72:203–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haseeb K, Abbas N, Saleem MQ, Sheta OE, Awan K, Islam N, ur Rehman W, Salam T (2019a) RCER: reliable cluster-based energy-aware routing protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. PLoS ONE 14(9):e0222009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haseeb K, Islam N, Almogren A, Din IU, Almajed HN, Guizani N (2019b) Secret sharing-based energy-aware and multi-hop routing protocol for IoT based WSNs. IEEE Access 7:79980–79988

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jabbar S, Ahmad M, Malik KR, Khalid S, Chaudhry J, Aldabbas O (2018) Designing an energy-aware mechanism for lifetime improvement of wireless sensor networks: a comprehensive study. Mobile Netw Appl 23(3):432–445

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khemapech I, Miller A, Duncan I (2007) A survey of transmission power control in wireless sensor networks. Proc PGNet 15–20

  • Khoufi I, Minet P, Laouiti A, Mahfoudh S (2017) Survey of deployment algorithms in wireless sensor networks: coverage and connectivity issues and challenges. Int J Auton Adapt Commun Syst 10(4):341–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu M, Cao J, Chen G, Wang X (2009) An energy-aware routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. Sensors 9(1):445–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Wang W, Ghadimi N (2017) Electricity load forecasting by an improved forecast engine for building level consumers. Energy 139:18–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazinani SM, Homayounfar B, Mazaheri MR (2012) An energy aware and distance based hierarchical routing protocol in WSNs. In: 2012 20th telecommunications forum, TELFOR 2012—Proceedings, vol 7, pp 1767–1771

  • Mirzapour F, Lakzaei M, Varamini G, Teimourian M, Ghadimi N (2019) A new prediction model of battery and wind-solar output in hybrid power system. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 10(1):77–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mothku SK, Rout RR (2019) Adaptive fuzzy-based energy and delay-aware routing protocol for a heterogeneous sensor network. J Comput Netw Commun 2019

  • Panchal A, Singh RK (2021) EADCR: energy aware distance based cluster head selection and routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. J Circuits Syst Comput 30(4):1–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rana DJ, Raja NM (2013) A new method for network lifetime maximization in wireless sensor network. Int J Adv Res Comput Sci Electron Eng 2(2):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma R, Vashisht V, Singh U (2019) Fuzzy modelling based energy aware clustering in wireless sensor networks using modified invasive weed optimization. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci, pp 1–14

  • Wang J, Kim J-U, ShuNiuLee LYS (2010) A distance-based energy aware routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Sensors 10(10):9493–9511

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xin H, Liu X (2017) Energy-balanced transmission with accurate distances for strip-based wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access 5:16193–16204

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

To UG-Carnegie "Next Generation of Academics in Africa Project (BANGA Africa Corporation)", the University of Ghana, for funding the project. We are grateful to them for the support provided to purchase the sensor nodes and other materials that made this work successful.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

    J.-D. Abdulai, K. S. Adu-Manu & F. A. Katsriku

  2. School of Technology, Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration, Accra, Ghana

    F. Engmann

Authors
  1. J.-D. Abdulai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. S. Adu-Manu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. A. Katsriku
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. F. Engmann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. S. Adu-Manu.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Abdulai, JD., Adu-Manu, K.S., Katsriku, F.A. et al. A modified distance-based energy-aware (mDBEA) routing protocol in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). J Ambient Intell Human Comput 14, 10195–10217 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03683-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-021-03683-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation