Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of video type, display technique, and ambient illumination on visual and physiological performance

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With the promotion of technology, 3D displays not only offer high-end video and sound qualities, but also provide larger-than-life viewing experiences. Twenty-five participants were recruited to investigate the effect of video type (horror, action, and comedy), display technique (2D, 3D), and ambient illumination (a dark room, 1500 lux) on saccade length, number of fixations, Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), iGroup Presence Questionnaire (IPQ), and change of heart rate. The results showed that video type was significant on SSQ and IPQ, where horror videos showed the greatest effects on SSQ and IPQ. In addition, display technique was significant on number of fixations, SSQ, IPQ, and change of heart rate, where the 3D technique resulted in a higher number of fixations, SSQ, IPQ, and change of heart rate. Furthermore, ambient illumination was significant on number of fixations, IPQ, and change of heart rate, where a dark room led to a higher number of fixations, IPQ, and change of heart rate. The main contribution of this study is that it offers suggestions for choosing the appropriate video type, display technique, and ambient illumination when watching 3D movies—namely, for 3D film manufacturers, using horror videos in a dark environment brings greater realness and presence, but also results in higher visual fatigue and change of heart rate.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barfield W, Rosenberg C (1995) Judgements of azimuth and elevation as a function of monoscopic and binocular depth cues using a perspective display. Hum Factors 37:173–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cantor J (2004) “I’ll never have a clown in my house”—Why movie horror lives on. Poetics Today 25:283–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Wang Y, Yu X, Xu A, Jiang J, Chen H (2017) Effect of illumination on ocular status modifications induced by short-term 3D TV viewing. Neural Plast 12:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke D (2020) What is a horror film? http://www.irishtimes.com/. Accessed  28 Feb 2020

  • Colenbrander A (2002) Visual standards: aspects and ranges of vision loss with emphasis on population surveys. Rep Int Counc Ophthalmol 2:1–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Gubin DG, Weinert DS, Rybina VL, Danilova AS, Solovieva VA, Durov M, Prokopiev NY, Ushakov PA (2017) Activity, sleep and ambient light have a different impact on circadian blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature rhythms. Chronobiol Int 34:632–649

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harris RJ, Hoekstra SJ, Scott CL, Sanborn FW, Karafa JA, Brandenburg JD (2000) Young men’s and women’s different autobiographical memories of the experience of seeing frightening movies on a date. Media Psychol 2:245–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ito J, Maldonado P, Singer W, Grun S (2011) Saccade-related modulations of neuronal excitability support synchrony of visually elicited spikes. Cereb Cortex 21(11):2482–2497

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jeng SC, Lin YR, Liao CC, Wen CH, Chao CY, Lee DS, Shieh KK (2006) Effect of character size and lighting on legibility of electronic papers. SID 06 Digest 37:1316–1319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kalich ME, Rash CE, van de Pol C, Rowe TL, Lont LM, Peterson RD (2003) Biocular image misalignment tolerance. In: Rash CE, Reese CE (eds) Helmetand head-mounted displays VIII: technologies and applications. Society of PhotoOptical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE), Washington, pp 284–295

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy RS, Lane NE, Berbaum KS, Lilienthal ML (1993) Simulator sickness questionnaire: an enhanced method of quantifying simulator sickness. Int J Aviat Psychol 3(3):203–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim W, Koga Y (2004) Effect of local background luminance on discomfort glare. Build Environ 39:1435–1442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim SH, Suh YW, Yun CM, Yoo EJ, Yeom JH, Cho YA (2013) 3D asthenopia in horizontal deviation. Curr Eye Res 38:614–619

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kooi FL, Toet A (2004) Visual comfort of binocular and 3D displays. Displays 25:99–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lambooij M, Murdoch MJ, IJsselsteijn WA, Heynderickx I (2013) The impact of video characteristics and subtitles on visual comfort of 3D TV. Displays 34:8–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee DS, Shieh KK, Jeng SC, Shen IH (2008) Effect of character size and lighting on legibility of electronic papers. Displays 29:10–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin PH (2016) The evaluation of visual fatigue in 3D televisions. In: Stephanidis C (ed) HCI international 2016 – Posters' extended abstracts. HCI 2016. Communications in computer and information science, vol 617. Springer, pp 216–219

  • Lin PH, Chang CN (2017) Effects of display interface, operation time, and speed on signal detection theory, visual fatigue, and presence: an example of 3D baseball games. J Technol 32:219–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin PH, Chen CH (2019) Evaluating autostereoscopic 3Dbaseballgames using signal detection theory and receiver operating characteristic space. Int J Ind Ergon 72:390–397

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin PH, Jhang HS (2014) Effects of display technique, image content, and environment on user performance of auto-stereoscopic mobile phones. In: Trzcielinski S, Karwowski W (eds) Advances in the ergonomics in manufacturing: managing the enterprise of the future. AHFE conference 2014, pp 247–252

  • Lin PH, Jin YM (2019) Applying fuzzy theory in selecting the image quality factors of 3D televisions. Int J Ind Ergon 74:102841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin PH, Lin YT, Hwang SL, Jeng SC, Liao CC (2008) Effects of anti-glare surface treatment, ambient illumination and bending curvature on legibility and visual fatigue of electronic papers. Displays 29:25–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin YT, Hwang SL, Jeng SC, Koubek RJ (2011) Minimum ambient illumination requirement for legible electronic-paper display. Displays 32:8–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin Y, Fotios S, Wei M, Liu Y, Guo W, Sun Y (2015) Eye movement and pupil size constriction under discomfort glare. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 56:1649–1656

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin PH, Liu CS, Tsai MC, Wu CH (2016) A study of physical fitness and visual fatigue for Kinect motion sensing training: effect of different display techniques, gender, and difficulty of training conditions. J Technol 31:275–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu CL, Uang ST (2016) Effects of depth perception cues and display types on presence and cybersickness in the elderly within a 3D virtual store. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 7:763–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CL, Su KW, Uang ST (2019) The effects of layout types and spatial information display types on presence and spatial identification for the elderly in the 3D virtual art gallery. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 10:3439–3451

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nur G, Dogan S, Kodikara Arachchi H, Kondoz AM (2010) Assessing the effects of ambient illumination change in usage environment on 3D video perception for user centric media access and consumption. In: Alvarez F, Costa C (eds) User Centric Media. UCMEDIA 2010. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Obrist M, Wurhofer D, Meneweger T, Grill T, Tscheligi M (2013) Viewing experience of 3DTV: an exploration of the feeling of sickness and presence in a shopping mall. Entertain Comput 4:71–81

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders MS, McCormick EJ (1993) Human factors in engineering and design. McGarw-Hill, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheer FAJL, van Doornen LJP, Buijs RM (1999) Light and diurnal cycle affect human heart rate: possible role for the circadian pacemaker. J Biol Rhythms 14:202–212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schubert TW (2003) The sense of presence in virtual environments: a three component scale measuring spatial presence, involvement, and realness. Zeitschrift fur Medienpsychologie 15:69–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shelton J (2016) 15 Ways you didn’t even realize horror movies are manipulating you into fear. https://www.ranker.com/list/horror-movie-tricks-for-scaring-the-audience/jacob-shelton. Accessed 20 Mar 2020

  • Shen IH, Shieh KK, Chao CY, Lee DS (2009) Lighting, font style, and polarity on visual performance and visual fatigue with electronic paper displays. Displays 30:53–58

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ujike H, Watanabe H (2011) Effects of stereoscopic presentation on visually induced motion sickness. In: Woods AJ, Holliman NS, Dodgson NA (eds) Proceedings of SPIE, vol 7863, p 786314

  • Wang AH, Tseng CC, Jeng SC (2007) Effects of bending curvature and text/background color-combinations of e-paper on subjects’ visual performance and subjective preferences under various ambient illuminance conditions. Displays 28:161–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wibirama S, Nugroho HA, Hamamoto K (2018) Depth gaze and ECG based frequency dynamics during motion sickness in stereoscopic 3D movie. Entertain Comput 26:117–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wickens CD, Holland JG, Parasuram R, Banbury S (2012) Engineering psychology and human performance. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Yan-Ting Lin and Xing-Cheng Huang for conducting investigation and data collection. In addition, the authors would also like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan for the financial support under the contrast: MOST 106-2813-C-131-009-E.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Rd., Taishan Dist., New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan

    Po-Hung Lin & Jun-Hao Chen

Authors
  1. Po-Hung Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jun-Hao Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Po-Hung Lin.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lin, PH., Chen, JH. Effects of video type, display technique, and ambient illumination on visual and physiological performance. J Ambient Intell Human Comput 14, 14433–14440 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02609-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02609-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation